420 
Birds of Celebes; Campophagidae. 
meats. 
Wing 
Tail 
Tarsus' 
Bill from 
nostr. 
a. (Mus. Nehrk. 937) ad. Rurukan 
IIS 
107 
21 
15 
b. (C 10803) [(^] ad. near Tondano . . 
118 
100 
_ 
15.7 
c. (C 10804) [o^] ad. near Tondano .... 
122 
103 
22 
d. (C 12177) mm. Lotta, Minahassa 
114 
100 
22 
14.7 
e. (C 5201) imm. Manado . . . 
121 
102 
21 
14.5 
The tail measurements are only approximate. Eight additional specimens from 
the N. Peninsula and Lemheh Island (Sarasin Coll. 5, Dresd. Mus. 3) haye the wing 
113 120 mm. The female does not seem to he smaller than the male. 
Poui- females and young from East Celebes: wing 112— 120 mm. 
Three from the S. Peninsula (Sarasin Coll. Q from Pare Pare; Dresd. Mus. 
cf $ Macassar and Eidrulaman, Everett); wing 111 — 115 mm. 
Variation. As the plumage gets worn, it seems to take a slightly brownish tinge, less blue, 
on tlie slate-grey of the upper parts, and the throat gets blacker in the male, losing 
the bluish gloss. 
A noticeable point of individual (or perhaps age-) variation- in the male is seen 
in the black of the tln'oat which extends more on to the breast in one or tAvo 
individuals from the same neighbourhood of the Minahassa than in others. 
Females from N. Celebes probably become more regularly and closely barred 
below with age. The bars in the young are less close, the head above less blue, 
having a very slight brownish tinge thereon. ’ 
As to local variation, the females and young males from Tonkean, E. Ce- 
lebes (we have not seen the old male), are of a slightly lighter and brighter bluish 
tinge above; the bars on the cliin and throat are smaller and less close than in old 
females from North Celebes. 
The greatest extremes of differentiation jet known are foimd in the Northern 
and in the Southern Peninsulas. The Southern female is much paler cinnamon 
below, inclining to wliitish towards the throat and chin, the bars nan-ower and fewer, 
especially on the chin, throat and abdomen; the upper ])arts paler and with less of 
a blue tinge [Q ad. Indrulaman, Oct. 1895: Everett — C 14904). 
The male of S. Celebes differs from the male of N. Celebes in having a slightly 
paler and brownish tinge, less blue above, the black of the chin and throat not 
extending on to the chest, the black snbterminal spot on the two middle tail-feathers 
small ((^, Macassar, Sept. 1895: Everett — C 14897). 
A young female, changing into adult dress, differs from Northern specimens 
chiefly by the under parts being much clearer of bars, the under wing-coverts and 
metacai-pal edge unifomi cinnamon, the upper parts paler, the black spot on the two 
middle tail-feathers small ($ vix ad.. Pare Pare, 30. VM. 95: Sarasin Coll.). 
The Southern bird is the typical EdoUisoma morio, S. Muller having visited Macassar 
and Bonthain in 1828, but not N. Celebes, and the Northern individuals, displaying 
apparently an extreme of racial differentiation, may be distinguished as: 
Edoliisoma morio septentrionalis. 
The Eastern birds seem to stand nearer to the Northern than to the Southern ones, 
as is indicated by the formula: 
Edoliisoma morio <0 septentrionalis. 
