396 
Birds of Celebes: Laniidae. 
(Tweedd. b 1). P. hypoxantha (Sharpe) of Mt. Kini Balu, Borneo, is also a near 
relative of the North Celebesian Thickhead, but has the entire under surface 
yellow (Sharpe (?i). 
* 143. PAOHYOEPHALA MERIDIONALIS Biitt. 
Southern Grey-breasted Thick-head. 
Paehycephala meridionalis (1) Biittik., Notes Leyden Mas. XV, 1893, 168; (2) Hart,, Nov. 
Zool. 1896, 155; (3) id., ib. 1897, 158. 
Adult. Differs from P. sulfuriventer of North and Central Celebes by having the yellow on 
the abdomen much paler (straw-yellow as against canary-yellow) and less extended, 
not passing on to the lower breast; under tail-coverts canary-yellow; the olive-grey 
of the breast more extended; size slightly larger, ((^f , Loka, S. Cel., 7. X. 95 : 
Sarasin Coll.) “Lis deep chestnut-brown; feet dark purplish, claws black; beak 
black (Doherty 3). 
Eemark. Mr. Biittikofer speaks of the upper surface as being “reddish brown, with 
hardly any tinge of the olive which characterizes the northern form” (1), but this 
difference is not to be seen in the above specimen. Two others, also from Loka, 
display a duller browm tint above and a whiter tint on the abdomen, but this effect 
seems to be due to theii- having been placed before skinning in sj^mt — at least 
a sunilar effect is produced by spirit on some other birds, for instance, Zosterops. 
Female. A female (imm. ?) is slightly clearer, brighter olivaceous above, most noticeable on 
the head; superciliary region and ear-coverts washed with rufous, breast pale bro-vvn, 
not olive-grey ($, Loka, 21. X. 95: P. & F. S.). 
Measurements (4 specimens). Wing 81 — 86 mm; tail 62—65, tarsus c. 20.; bill from nostril 
9.5—10. 
Distribution. South Celebes: Bonthain Mountains (Everett 2, P. & F. Sarasin, Doherty 5), 
“Macassar District” (Tei.jsmann 1). 
Like the northern form this seems to be an inhabitant of the mountains, 
and it is as yet definitely known only from the Peak of Bonthain and the 
highlands around it, where, as the Drs. Sarasins write, it “is one of the most 
plentiful birds; sings like a Blackcap”. 
The two type-specimens of this discovery of Teijsmann’s are in the 
Leyden Museum. It is, as Mr. Buttikofer says, a southern representative of 
P. sulfuriventer. "When the intermediate area has been zoologically explored it 
is likely that connecting links between the two forms will be supplied, which 
will render it advisable to take a broader view of the species and to treat the 
northern and southern forms as subspecies of it. 
* 144. PAOHYOEPHALA TEIJSMANNI Biitt. 
Saleyer Thick-head. 
Plate XVII. 
Pachycephala teijsmanni (1) Biittik., Notes Leyden Mus. 1893, XY, 167; (2) id., Zool. Erg. 
Weber’s Eeise in Ost-Ind. 1893, HI, 286; (3) Hart., Nov. Zool. 1896, 169. 
