Birds of Celebes; Dicruiddae. 
437 
less curled, fewer metallic spots on the throat and breast, the under wing- coverts 
usually more spotted with white ($ ?, Kema, Feb. 1894: Sarasin Coll., and others). 
Measurements. 
Wing 
Tail 
Tarsus 
Bill from 
nostril 
a. 28 specimens from N. and 8. Celebes, Togian, 
Banka, Manado tua and Mantehage . . . 
148— 169'c.l30 
c. 25 
21.5—26 
b. 3 from Biarro, Gunong Api and Tagulandang . 
165— 167 c. 140 

— 
c. 6 specimens from Siao 
167— 178 c. 140 
c.26— 27 
24—27 
The largest and smallest specimens of the group a are both from the mainland 
of Celebes. Those with recurved bristles sprouting from the forehead (six in number) 
apparently the oldest are also on an average the largest specimens (wing' 
160—168), though the largest of all from Celebes (-wing 169) has no such bristles 
Skeleton. 
Length of cranium .... 
63.0 mm 
Length of tibia 
46.0 mm 
Greatest breadth of cranium . 
26.0 s 
Length of tarso-metatarsus . . 
25.0 » 
Length of humerus .... 
37.5 » 
Length of sternum .... 
35.8 x 
Length of ulna 
50.0 » 
Greatest breadth of sternum . 
29.0 » 
Length of radius 
44.0 » 
Height of crista sterni . . . 
9.5 ^ 
Length of manus 
42.0 ). 
Length of pelvis 
40.2 » 
Length of femur 
29.4 » 
Greatest breadth of pelvis . . 
24.0 
Eggs. “Dr. Platen sent me a clutch of 2 eggs of this bird from Rurukan in the Minahassa, 
measuring 39x21 mm, and like most of the members of the genus much elongated. 
The ground-colour is white, marked with only isolated underlying spots — some 
very small, others very large — of pale violet, and with superjacent spots — some 
light red, others dark brown, which unite into a circlet at the blunt end. The shell 
has little or no gloss” (Nehrkorn MS.). 
Two eggs (one broken) in the Sarasin Coll., accompanying a nest, differ con- 
siderably from Mr. Nehrkorn’s description; they are white in ground-colour, finely 
peppered all over with shell-spots of pale lilac and surface- spots of a browner tint 
none of the spots larger than an ordinary pin’s head and most of them minute points 
only, slightly more conglomerated towards the blunt end of the egg: broad oval 
29X21 mm (Tomohon, 19. April 1894). 
Nest. The Sarasins obtained two nests: one with the above two eggs, the other containing 
a nestling (“tlrnre w^ere probably two”). They are broad, deep saucers: internal diam. 
c. 99 mm, depth c. 40 nun, lightly built of vegetable fibres and roots, with a few bits 
of sticks intermingled in the base and sides, lined with finer dark root -fibres. The 
structure is cleverly suspended between the prongs of a forked branch. 
Dr. Platen writes (<1 G)\ ‘ I found the nest twice on a bough stretching across 
a busy road at a height of 4 — 5 meters, where it was suspended in a fork after the 
manner of Iniilding of the Orioles”. 
Distribution. The lypic.al Dicrums l&ucops — Celebes and the islands off the coast: Minahassa 
(Wallace a 1, etc.); between Minahassa and Popo Mongondo (P. &F. Sarasin aid); 
Gorontalo District (Meyer a 7); Manado tua, Leinbeh, Mantehage and Banka (Nat. 
Coll.), Talissi (Hickson e 5); Togian Is. (Meyer a 7); E. Celebes (Nat. Coll); 
Kandari, S. E. Peninsula (Beccari a 4); W. Celebes (Doherty a 14)-, S. Peninsula 
(Wallace a 3, cl, Meyer a 7, etc.); Tempe, and Luwn at the head of the Gulf of 
Boni iWeher c4); Saleyer Id. (Everett a 13). 
Dioruni.s leucops — (Wall. , Salvad.): Siao (Meyer d 1, Platen d7 
Nat. Coll.), Biarro, Gunong api and Tagulandang (Nat. Coll). 
