496 
Birds of Celebes: Timeliidae. 
Thrushes, or Shrikes, most of them possessing a short, blunt wing rounded to 
fit the body (see, also, Newton, Diet. B. pp. 25, 962). A careful revision of 
the Indian species is given by Oates (Faun. Br. Ind. B. I, 1889, 70, 71), who 
admits 6 subfamilies. Only 5 genera are known from Celebes, and they seem 
to belong to Oates’s Brachypodinae, Crateropodinae and Timeliinae. 
The Brachypodinae (to which Me belongs) are described {I c.) as follows: 
Sexes alike; solitary or occurring in small troops; habits entirely arboreal; tarsi 
very short, never exceeding in length the middle toe and claw [Criniger forms 
exceptions); wing rounded and moderately long; nape usually furnished with 
some hairs; colour of egg, so far as is known, spotted”. 
Timeliinae: “Sexes alike; solitary or occuring in very small troops; not 
noisy; legs and feet strong; wing short and rounded; habits, skulking in bushes 
or on the ground, evading observation (except Androphilus)\ colour of egg, with 
few exceptions, spotted”. Trichostoma and Malacopteron belong here. 
Malia and Androphilus probably belong to Oates’s Crateropodinae: “Sexes 
alike; gregarious; extremely noisy; wing short and rounded; habits partly terres- 
trial, partly arboreal; colour of egg, with few exceptions, unspotted white or blue”. 
GENUS IDLE Blytli. 
Ihe species of the Celebesian area and of the Moluccas have commonly been 
referred to the genus Criniger, which differs in having some long nuchal h air s, 
a broader bill with a more rounded culmen and a more rounded nostril. On 
the other hand they seem to be connected with the genus Me through I. evei'etti 
Tweedd. of the Philippines. 
Bill as long as the cranium, or longer; tomia irregularly serrated or jagged; 
a small denticulation ; culmen somewhat sharp; nostril membranous, long, narrow, 
semilunar; about 4 or 5 stout rictal bristles and some smaller ones; wing mode- 
rately long, 4‘^ — 6*** quills the longest, 2“^ about equal in length to the secondaries, 
P* about half the size of 2“‘‘; tail of 12 feathers, rounded, not quite as long as 
the wing; tarsus small, equal in length to middle toe and claw. Birds about 
the size of a Thrush, with olive and yellow as the predominating colours. 
Range: Southern India to the Moluccas. 
* 200. lOLE AUREA (Tweedd.). 
Togian Bulbul. 
Plate XXXII. 
a. Criniger aureus (1) Wald., Ann. & Mag. N. H. 1872, (4) IX, 400; (2) id., Tr. Z. S. 
1872, Vin, 110; (3) Meyer, J. f. Om. 1873, 405; (4) id.. Ibis 1879, 130, 146; 
(5) Wall., Island Life 1880, 436; (6) Sharpe, Cat. B. VI, 1881, 87; (7) W. Bias., 
J. f. 0. 1883, 126; (8) id., Omis 1888, 595; (9) Meyer, Ibis 1892, 179. 
