Birds of Celebes: Turdidae. 
513 
/■ Montieola cyanus solitarius (1) Seeb., Ibis 1883, 121; (2) id., Ibis 1884, 263; (3) id., 
Tl)is 1890, 98; (4) id., Ibis 1892, 89; M. & Wg.,' Abb. Mus. Dresd. 1895, Nr. 8, 
p. 13; (5) Hart., Nov. Zool. 1894, 469. 
g. Montieola cyanus pt. (1) Oates, B. Brit. Bumiab, 1883, I, 11; (2) Seeb., B. Japan. Emp. 
1890, 53; (3) id., Ibis 1893, 48. 
h. Petrophila solitaria (1) Oates, Faun. Br. Ind. B. H, 1890, 145. 
“Ainaourida taigej”, Talant, Nat. Coll. 
“Burong dona” (o’ ad.) or “Maspas lolaro” (g or young), Manado tua, Nat. Coll. 
“Maspas batu”, Minabassa, near Likupang, iid. 
For further synonymy see Salvadori a 8, Seebolim a 9. 
Figure and descriptions. David & Oustalet a V; Seebolim a 9; W. Blasius a 12\ Hume 
c i; Oates g 1, h 1. 
Diagnosis. Abdomen (of adult male) cliestnut. 
Adult [male]. Upper surface Avitb throat and breast greyish China-blue, a few obscure 
pale terminal edgings on back, scapulars and breast; tail and quills black, bordered 
Avith bluisb except towards the ends of the feathers; abdomen, sides, under wing- 
coverts and under tail-coverts light chestnut, almost hazel, some of the feathers 
Avith buff terminal margins; flanks bluish; quills and tail below dusky (Manado 
tua, 13. rV. 94; Nat. Coll. — C 12140). Iris broAvn; bill and feet black (Platen a 15). 
Count Salvadori (a SJ has described the above di-ess as hnmature plumage, 
and that of Jf. cyanus as the adult. Prof. Blasius (a 12, a 15) reasons at some 
length that the foUoAving, hoAvever, is the plmnage of the yoiuig male and the female, 
and we agreejwitblhim, Seebohm, Oates, and others in holding tliis to be the case. 
Adult female. Above hair-brown, Avashed Avith blue, most strongly on the mantle, back and 
wing- and tail-coverts, the feathers of these parts with dark shaft-streaks and barred 
Avith subterminal ma.rkiugs of black, the tip more fawn-colour, hardly perceptible on 
head and neck; quills and greater wing-coverts dusky, with brownish wliite tips 
and edgings; tail blackish broAvn with paler edgings and tip; under surface pale 
faAvn whitest on throat, more cinnamon on under Aving- and tail-coverts, barred aU 
over with subterminal U-shaped markings of blackish brown — on the tlrroat one 
bar sometunes Avith an imperfect inner one, on the breast one bar within another, 
on the Hanks two or three bars (g Luzon: Schadenberg — C 8816; [g] Great 
Sangi: Meyer — C 3648). Iris brown; bill and feet dark brown (Platen a 15). 
Young male (Sarasiu Coll., Nr. 107, from Kema). Like the female. 
Immature [malel. Bluer above than the female, under-parts blue doAvn to the bi'east, bright 
chestnut from abdomen downwards, except on flanks, barred almost all over Avith 
dusky, with the tips whitish, and sometimes the part of the feather before the bar 
wliitish or blue (Talaut: Nat. Coll. — C 13124). 
Measurements. Wing 116 — 125 mm; tail 75 — 85; tarsus 30c; bill from nostril 15 — 17. 
Eggs. “Uniform blue, having at the large end a perceptible circlet of fine reddish broAvn 
spots (after examples from China). Measurements: 24 — 25 X 18 — 18.5 mm” (Nehr- 
koru MS.). 
Distribution. Askold Id., Manchuria (JankoAVski d7); Corea (Kalinowski a 74*’*®); Japan 
(Whitely, etc. g 2, a 8); Loo-choo Is. (Rodgers, Pryer g 2); Bonin Is. (Holst f 3, 
g 2); Cliina (SAvinh. a 8, Styan « 25 etc.); [Formosa (Swinh. a 8)]; Hainan (Swinh. 
a 8, Sty an a 24); [Nepal, Siklihu, Dacca, Andamans, Burmah and Tenasserim 
(Oates hi)]; Siam (Schomburgk fflS); Cochin China (Pierre a 9); Malay Penin- 
sula (Maingay a 8); Java (Gray a 8); Natuna Is. (Everett f 5); Borneo (Everett, 
Ussher a 17); Philippines (Steere, etc. a 22, a 28); Talaut (Nat. Coll, a 25); Great 
Meyer X- Wigleswortt Birds of Celebes (Nov. Uth, 1897). 65 
