514 
Birds of Celebes: Sylviidae. 
Sangi (Rosenberg, Bruijn a 15, etc.); North Celebes (Forsten, Rosenb. a 8, 
Sarasins), Manado tua (Nat. Coll.); Ternate and Tidore (Salvador! a 8). 
Intermediate birds, P. cyanus — solitaria, also occur, of course in winter, in 
the East India Islands, as shown by Henry Seebohm (a 9), and the type of 
P. erythroptera (Gray:, obtained by Mr. ’Wallace in Halmahera, is one such. The 
typical cyanus appears to range from South Europe as far as India where it 
begins to pass over into cyanus solitaria, and Mr. Oates (hi), shows that in 
Tenasserim, though the proportion is lessened, the typical cyanus is still predomi- 
nant. The true cyanus solitaria seems to prevail only on the east coast of Asia 
and the islands. In the above sketch of the distribution of the subspecies some 
of the localities may rest upon intermediate forms; where this is certainly the 
case square brackets have been used. 
The species is known only as a winter visitant to India, Burmah and 
Tenasserim. In South China at Foochow and Swatow Mr. J. He La Touche 
remarks that it is very common, and resident; in Central China, the lower 
Yang-tse basin, Mr. Styan has observed it in winter as well as in summer. 
It is known to breed in the Province of Pekin (David) and in Corea (a IP'^) 
but apparently is not resident there. Seebohm observes that it is a common 
summer visitor to all the Japanese Islands, and is occasionally seen in winter 
in Southern Japan. It is a common bird, according to Mr. Holst (f 3), in the 
Bonin Islands, where it breeds. On the other hand all the dates which we 
have seen (up to the end of July, 1894) relating to specimens killed in the Southern 
Philippines and other East Indies, upwards of 41 in number (where the number 
of specimens is not definitely mentioned only one is reckoned, though in some 
cases a larger number was almost certainly obtained, and this would swell the 
total considerably) are in the winter months from September to the end of 
April; we have found no mention of specimens shot here in summer. In his 
paper on the birds of Palawan (a 18), Mr. "Whitehead notes it as “a winter 
migrant, arriving about the 20“' September”. In Luzon it is possibly, as in South 
China, a resident, for Prof. Steere notes it as having been obtained there, 
where he collected in July. 
The eastern, like the western race, is said by David to be prized for the 
sweetness of its song. Insects seem to be the chief food of this species, but a 
caged specimen was found by Lord Lilford (b 1) to be almost omnivorous. 
FAMILY SYLVIIDAE. 
The name Sylviidae, or "Warblers, belongs to a great group of small in- 
sectivorous birds, for the most part of plain plumage and the sexes generally 
similar. The young are not barred, squamated, or spotted below but often 
suffused with a richer colour than the adults; this character may help to 
distinguish them from the Flycatchers and Thrushes. Still genera are found 
