Birds of Celebes; Motaoillidae. 
531 
1888 271), C. niffromm Moseley from the Philippines (Ibis 1891, 47, pi. II; 
1894, 506), C. vordermani Biittik. from East Java (Notes Leyden Mus. 1893, XV, 
260),' and C.fiavigularis Bourns & Wore., from Cebu (Minnesota Ac. N. Sc. 
1894 1 1> 23). The genus is found in Africa and the Oriental Region as far 
as Celebes. The South Celebes species seems to be most nearly related to 
C. trivirgata (Strickl.) of Java, Bali and Lombok; the latter has not got the 
two white lateral rectrices, is chiefly ochraceous yellow below, and has the 
lateral stripes on the head blackish. Black side-stripes on the head and a 
bright yellow belly should serve to distinguish the Indian C. burki (Burton) 
which has the two lateral rectrices white for the greater part. 
The Indian species build domed, globular nests and lay white eggs. 
Mr. Oates remarks that they are not known to have any song. 
FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE. 
The Wagtails and Pipits form a well characterized group of small birds. 
They seek their food on the ground, jor in shallow water, or spring up on the 
wing to catch it in the air; they never hop on the ground, but walk or run; they 
avoid the forest and dense underwood, and are to be looked for in more open 
situations, or on the plain or the strand. They are best distinguished by the 
wing of nine primaries, with the innermost secondaries or “tertiaries” much 
longer than the ordinary secondaries, so forming a forked wing; tarsus long, 
bare scutellate in front, with an entire lamina behind; the hind claw in the 
terrestrial species very long; bill as long as head or less, slender, straight, scarcely 
notched, with very small and inconspicuous rictal bristles. 
GENUS MOTACILLA L. 
The Wagtails differ from the Pipits by having their upper plumage uniform, 
not streaked or mottled, and black or blackish legs. They are noisy, active birds, 
more or less sociable, migratory. They run very much on the ground, often 
moving the tail up and down - whence the name. An Old World family, 
known also from the North-west of N. America. 
220. MOTACILLA FLAVA L. 
Blue-headed Wagtail. 
MotaciUa flava (1) Linn., S. N. 1760, I, 331; (II) 
(1823); ( 3 ) Meyen, Act. Ac. Oaes. Leopold. 1834, XVI, 80, ( 4 ) id., Reibe urn d. 
k’de 1835, II, 105; (V) Gould, B. Em-. 1837, H, pi 145; (VI) Keulemans, Onze 
Vo-. I860, 1, pi. 26; Finsch & Conrad, Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wren 1872, (2); (VIU) 
Dresser, B. Eur. 1875, HI, 261, pi 129, f. 1, 2; ( 9 ) Briigg., Abb. Ver. Bremen 
1870, V, 67; (10) Rosenb., Malay. Ar’cbip. 1878, 272; (XI) Sbarpe, Cat. B. X, 
