Birds of Celebes: Motacillidae. 
535 
c. Motacilla melanope pt. (I) Dresser, B. Eur. Ill, 251, pi. 128 (1875); (2) Sharpe, Cat. B. 
X, 1885, 497; (3) Meyer & Helm, Verz. Yog. Sachsens 1892, 100. 
For further synonymy cf. Sharpe c2 [references to Europe and W. Asia only]. 
Figures. Dresser cl; Gould a II\ Xanmann b II, etc. 
Diagnosis. Tail longer, 89 — 104 nun (Seebohin i2 — extremes of forty specimens;. 
Distribution. Europe to about 54° N. (E. Russia to about 59° and British Isles, rare as far 
as S. Sweden), X. and X. E. Africa, West Asia. In Avhat part of Asia intermediate 
forms between tlris and the next subspecies predominate does not seem to be known. 
2. Motacilla boarula melanope (Pall.). 
d. Motacilla melanope (1) Pall., Reis. Russ. Reichs 1776, ID, App. 696; (2) Legge, 
B. Ceylon 1879, 610; (3) Ward!. Rams., TAveedd. Orn. Works 1881, App. 658; 
(4) Sharpe, Cat. B., X, 1885, 497 pt.; (5) Styan, Ihis 1887, 223; (6) Biittik., 
Xotes Leyd. Mus. 1887, 70; (7) Bligh, Ibis 1888, 316; (8) Everett, J. Str. Br. 
R. A. S. 1889, 103; (9) Sharpe, Ihis 1889, 430; 1890, 280; (10) Oates, ed. Hume’s 
Xests and Eggs 1890, H, 207; (11) id.. Fauna Br. Ind., B. H, 1890, 293; (12) 
Steere, List B. & M. Philipp. Is. 1890, 21; (13) Sharpe, Ibis 1891, 106; (14) 
Styan, t. c. 321, 343; (15) Salvad., Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1891, 68; (16) De La 
Touche, Ibis 1892, 419; (17) Styan, Ibis 1893, 428; (18) Oust., X. Ai’ch. du Mus. 
1894, 5; (19) Bourns & Worces., B. Menage Exped. 1894, 37; (20) Everett, Ibis 
1895, 23, 34; (21) Vorderm., X. T. Xed. Ind. 1895, LIV, 345; (22) Grant, Ibis 
1895, 258; (23) id.. Ibis 1896, 469; (24) Biittik., Xotes Leyden Mus. 1896, 
XYIH, 183. 
e. Calobates melanope (1) Swinh., P. Z. S. 1871, 364; (2) David & Oust., Ois. Chine 1877, 
302; (3) Salvad., Orn. Pap. H, 1881, 431; (4) Oates, B. Brit. Burmah 1883, I, 
159; (5) Salvad., Agg. O. P. 1890, 138; (6) Tacz., Eaune Om. Sib. Orient. 1891, 375. 
/'. Calobates bistrigata (Raffl.) (1) Salvad., Oat. Ucc. Borneo 1874, 259. 
g. Motacilla sulphurea (or sulfurea) (1) Briigg., Abh. Yer. Bremen 1876, Y, 66; (2) 
W. Bias., J. f. 0. 1883, 120, 156; (3) Seeb., Brit. B. H, 1884, 203 pi; (4) id., 
Ibis 1887, 176. 
h. Budytes novae guineae (1) Meyer, Isis, Dresden 1875, 74. 
i. Motacilla boarula melanope (1) Hartert, J. f. 0. 1889, 354; (2) Seeb., B. Japan. 1890, 
114; (3) Hartert, Kai Yog. Slg. Senckenb. Mus. 1891, 44; (4) id., J. f.O. 1891, 203; 
(5) M. & Wg., Abh. Mus. Dresden 1895, Xr. 8, p, 14; (6) iid., ib. 1896, Xr. 1, p. 6; 
(7) Hart., Xov. Zool. 1886, 153. 
j. Motacilla boarula (1) Seeb., Ibis 1892, 92; (2) Campb., i c. 239; (3) Seeb., Ibis 1893, 49. 
“Kendukendu tana”, Manado tua, Xat. Coll. 
For further synonymy and references cf. Salvad. e 5, e 5; Sharpe d 4 [references to Eastern 
Asia]; Taczanowski e 6. 
Descriptions. Legge d2, Oates e 4, d 10', Salvadori e S; Taczanowski e 5. 
Diagnosis. Tail shorter, 79 — 95 mm (Seebohm i 2 — from 50 specimens). 
Adult (spring plumage). Above slate-grey, greener on the back; riimp and upper tail- 
coverts yellow-green; wings black, the inner quills with hroad pale edges, the 
coverts edged and tipped with the colour of the back; tail black, edged with yellow- 
green, the three outer paii’s of feathers white, most of the outer web black, except 
on the outermost pair; superciliary and malar stripe whitish; chin and throat 
black, sprinkled with wliitish; remaining under-parts canaiy yellow; under wing- 
coverts and basal part of inner quills below wliite. Wing 83 mm; tail 91; 
tarsus 20; bill from nostril 9.5 (hlanado tua, 15. lY. 93: Xat. Coll. — C 12142). 
