540 
Birds of Celebes; Motacillidae. 
it. Its chief winter quarters seem to be Borneo, Celebes and the Philippines. 
Mr. Whitehead (18) observed that it arrived in Palawan in company with 
Motadlla flava about September 20*’“, and he notes from North Borneo (17) that 
it prefers the forest to open places and frequents the ground. In Celebes itself 
the bird has as yet been found in the Northern Peninsula only, like a great 
many other species which cross from the north-west. It has not yet been 
recorded, as far as we know, from any of the Indian countries, Siam, Malacca, 
Sumatra or Java, except that there is a specimen in the British Museum w'hich 
“may have been obtained in Burmah or Malacca”, but, as Dr. Sharpe (12) 
believes, more probably came from the N. W. Himalayas. In its remarkably 
broad northward range from Kamtschatka across all Siberia to European Russia 
and in its restricted winter quarters in the East India Islands Anthus gmtavi 
corresponds, as Mr. Seebohm (8) and Count Salvador! (b 5) have remarked, 
to Phylloscopus borealis, and it remains for the future to show whether the indi- 
viduals which nest in Europe wander eastward across Siberia in autumn and 
then turn south and cross the China Sea to the East Indies, or whether they 
visit other localities. 
223. ANTHUS OERVINUS (Pall.). 
Red-throated Pipit. 
a. Motacilla cervina (1) Pall., Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. 1811, I, 511. 
Anthus cervinus (1) Naum., Vog. Deutschl. HI, pi. 85, f. 1 (1823); (2) Sharpe, Cat. B. 
1885, X, 585; (3) Everett, J. Str. Br. E. A. S. 1889, 103; (4) Oates, Eaun. Br. 
Ind. B. n, 1890, 310; (5) Seeh., B. Japan 1890, 117; (6) Steere, List Coll. B. & 
M. Philipp. 1890, 21; (7) Tacz., Eaun. Orn. Sib. Orient. 1893, I, 402; (8) Everett, 
Ibis 1895, 34; (9) M. & Wg., Abb. Mus. Dresd. 1896, Nr. I, p. 6. 
For further synonymy and references of. Sharpe 2; Taczanowski 7. 
Figures and descriptions. Naumann I\ Grould, B. Asia I’ii, pi. 66 (1869); Dresser, B. 
Europe HE, pi. 136; Sharpe 2, Oates 4, Taczanowski 7, etc., etc. 
Adult male. Above broccoli-brown, with blackish middles to the feathers, the rump more 
cinnamon, the tips of the middle and greater wing-coverts paler and rather broad; 
loral region, face, throat, and chest vinaceous-rufous, more cinnamon on the 
ear-coverts; remaining under parts salmon-buff, streaked on the sides of the 
breast, sides, and flanks with dusky, remiges below dusky greyish, paler where they 
rest upon the body; tail below dusky, the outermost feather white, except on the 
inner and basal portion of the inner web, the outer web impure white, a small spot 
of white on tip of next rectrix ((^, Summit of Mount Soputan, N. Cel., 29. IV. 95: 
P. & E. Sarasin). Wing 85 mm; tail c. 65; tarsus 22; bill from nostril 8.5. 
“Bill horn-brown, with the mandible pale flesh-colour to near the extremity; 
feet yellowish flesh-colom’, nails whitish; iris deep brown” (Taczanowski 7). 
Female. In winter plumage does not have the rufous throat (smnmer dress) seen in some 
males in winter as well as in smnmer; “the throat is yellowish white like the abdo- 
men, the breast and sides of the body very thicldy and broadly spotted and streaked 
with black as in the summer phimage” (Sharpe 2). 
For nidification cf. Dresser, etc., 1. c. 
