568 
Birds of Celebes: Sturnidae. 
1876, V, 79, t. in, f. 11, 12; {!) Leiiz, J. f. O. 1877, 376; {B} Meyer, Ibis 1879, 
146; {IX} id.. Abb. Vogelsk. I, 1882, 19, pi. XXIV; (10) W, Bias., J. f. O. 1883, 
138; {11} Guillem., P. Z. S. 1885, 556; (12) id.. Cruise “Marcbesa” 1886, II, 
168; (13) W. Bias., Ztschr. ges. Om. 1886, 126; {14) Tristr., Oat. OoU. B. 1889, 
255; {15] Sharpe, Cat. B. Xm, 1890, 193; {16} Heine & Rchw., Nomencl. Mus. 
Hein. 1890, 108; {11} Hartert, Kat. Vg. Senckenb. Mus. 1891, 76; {18} M. & Wg., 
Abb. Mus. Dresd. 1895, Xr. 8, p. 14; {19} iid., ib. 1896, Xr. 2, p. 18; {20} Hart., 
Xov. Zool. 1896, 154; {21} id., ib. 1897, 162. 
“Sije mulut kuning", Banka Id., Xat. Coll. 
“Siek”, Manado, Guillem, 11. 
“Moloneti”, Eosenb. c 9. 
“Salingoka”, E. Celebes, Xat. Coll. 
“Sin” or “Sing”, Pebng and Banggai, iid. 
Figures and descriptions. Lafresnaye c II, c 7; Meyer IX (skeleton); Schlegel c 5; 
Briiggemann FJ; Sharpe 15. 
Adult. Slaty mouse-grey; wings and tail black, the wing-coverts edged with the colour 
of the back; feathers of rump, upper tail-coverts and a few on the flanks 
blackish, ulth long stiff tips of poppy-red varying to carmine; eyelid, lores and 
feathers against base of bill blackish, about half a dozen short decurved bristles 
sprouting at the lores; under wing-coverts slaty; quills below where they rest 
upon the body dusky smoke-grey; under tail-coverts slaty black (ad. Banka, 
17. Y. 93: Xat. Coll. — C 12178; Q ad. Tomohon, 5. IH. 94: P.&F. Sarasin). 
“Ilfs reddish; bill bright orange; tarsus orange” (Guillem. 11). 
Young. Browner than the adult, — viz. dark smoke-grey above and below; the feathers of 
rump and flanks tipped with pale yellowish and pale scarlet, the tips less waxy than 
in the adult; bill much more slender and less thickened below the nostrils; wing 
97 nun, bill from nostril 11.5 (Manado: Meyer — C 2724). 
Measurements. Wing (20 adults — X. Celebes) 94 — 101 mm; tail 78 — 86 ca.; tarsus 21 ca.; 
bill from nostril 14 ca. 
Variation. A specimen, Q ad., from Bonthain, S. Celebes (C 7080) differs from 26 examples 
from the Minahassa in having the side-walls of the nostril more bloated and angular, 
and the red tips on the rump and upper tail -coverts longer and more extensive. 
It appears therefrom that the southern birds are rather different from the northern. 
Wing 98 mm; tail 81; tarsus 21, bill from nostril 14.5. Specimens from Peling, 
Banggai and E. Celebes are hke those of the Xorth. 
Skeleton (Meyer IX). 
Length of cranium . . . 38.0 mm 
Greatest breadth of cranium 17.2 » 
Length of humerus . . . 22.0 » 
Length of ulna 28.5 » 
Length of radius . . . . 24.5 » 
Length of manus . . . . 28.0 » 
Length of femur . . . . 22.0 » 
Length of tibia 36.6 mm 
Length of tarso-metatarsus . 20.2 » 
Length of sterntun. . . . 27.2 » 
Greatest breadth of sternum 17.6 » 
Height of crista stemi . . 9.3 » 
Length of pelvis .... 29.5 » 
Greatest breadth of pelvis . 21.0 » 
Distribution. Xorth Celebes — Minahassa (Lelancher cl, Wallace cl, etc.); Banka and 
Lembeh (Xat. Coll.); Togian (Meyer 8); West Celebes (Doherty 27); Bast Celebes, 
Peling and Banggai (Xat. Coll.); South Celebes — Macassar (Wallace c 1, 15), Bont- 
hain (Ribbe & Kuhn), Indrulaman (Everett 20). 
