570 
Birds of Celebes: Sturnidae. 
GENUS STURNIA Less. 
A migratory member of this Sturnine genus occurs in Celebes. The bill 
is shorter than the cranium, not stout, a membrane above the nostril. Wing 
long, 2“^ primary the longest, secondaries about % the wing-length, tail short, 
square or rounded; tarsus rather large, much longer than the culmen, about 
equal to middle toe and claw. 
Range: India and Eastern Siberia to the Moluccas. 
238. STURNIA VIOLAOEA (Bodd.). 
Red-cheeked Starling. 
a. Le Grand Traquet des Philippines (I) Briss., Orii. 1760, HI, 446, pi. 22, fig. 3; (II) 
Daubeut., PI. Eiil. m, pi. 185, fig. 2. 
h. Motaeilla violaeea (I) Bodd., Tabl. PI. Enl. 1783, 11. 
c. Pastor ruficollis (1) Wagl., Syst. Av., 1827, Pastor sp. 19. 
d. Lamprotornis pyrrhogenys (I) Temm. & Schl., Eaun. Jap., Aves 1850, 86, pi. XL VI. 
e. Heteromis pyrrhogenys (1) Bp., Consp. 1850, I, 418; (2) Swinh., P. Z. S. 1863, 302. 
/’. Temenuchus pyrrhogenys (1) Gray, HL. 11, 1870, 21, Nr. 6301; (2) Tristr., Cat. Coll. 
B. 1889, 252. 
g. Sturnia pyrrhogenys (1) Wald., Tr. Z. S. YlLL, 1872, 78; (2) Swinh., Ibis 1874, 151, 
159; (3) BrLigg., Abb. Ver. Bremen 1876, V, 77; (4) Meyer, Ibis 1879, 134; (5) 
Sceb., B. Japan. Emp. 1890, 108. 
h. Sturnia dominicana (1) Salvad. (nec Bodd.), Cat. Ucc. Borneo 1874, 269. 
Sturnia violaeea (1) Wald., Tr. Z. 8. IX, 1875, 203; (2) Sharpe, Tr. L. S. 1879, (2) I, 
308, 343; (3) Salvad., Orn. Pap. 11, 1881, 445; (4) Wardl. Rams., Tweedd. Orn. 
Works 1881, 658; (5) W. Bias., J. f. 0. 1883, 115; (6) id., Zt. ges. Cm. 1886, 
120; (7) Wardl. Rams., Bus 1886, 162; (8) W. Bias., Ornis 1888, 315; (9) id.. 
Ibis 1888, 374; (10) Everett, P. Z. S 1889, 224; (11) id., J. Str. Br. R. A. S. 1889, 
143; (12) Sharpe, Ibis 1889, 431; (13) Whitehd. , Ibis 1890, 56; (14) Sharpe, 
Ibis 1890, 280; (15) id.. Cat. B. XIH, 1890, 70; (16) Salvad., Agg. Om. Pap. 1891, 
237; (17) Burns & Worces., B. Menage Exp. 1894, 37. 
For further synonymy and references compare Sharpe 75; Salvador! 3. 
Figures and description. Daubenton a U\ Temminck & Schlegel d J; Salvador! 5; 
W. Blasius 6; Sharpe 15. 
Adult [male]. General colom above black, glossed with dark purple, the primary coverts, 
greater wing-coverts, inner quills and tips and outer edges of the others, and tail 
glossed with bronze-green; middle wing-coverts, edge of wing, most of the 
outer edge of the first three primaries, and of the outermost tail-feather 
and basal part of the outer edge of the first three secondaries white; head, 
rump and upper tail-coverts di'ab-grey, the latter parts mixed with the purple 
black of the back; ear-coverts and some feathers on sides of neck chestnut; 
sides of head, chin, throat, jugulum, middle of breast, abdomen, under 
wing-coverts and quills below where they rest upon the body white, tinged 
with fulvous on the head, throat, abdomen and under tail-coverts; chest, sides of 
1)reast and of body dark grey (Gorontalo, Celebes: Riedel — Nr. 2217). 
“Iris, upper mandible and feet, black; lower mandible blue-grey” (Whitehead 75). 
