Birds of Celebes: Oriolidae. 
591 
Diagnosis. Average size larger (4 adults: wing 174 mm, tail 138, tarsus 29.9, lull from nostril 
26.6): yellow frontlet larger, i. e. extending more to the sides above the fore part of 
the lores, the black lores consequently more broadly separated by yellow from the nostril. 
Distribution. Siao (Meyer a 1 and in Dresd. Mus., Nat. Ooll. in Dresd. and Tring Mus.). 
2. Oriolus formosus sangirensis n. subsp. 
c. Oriolus acrorhynchus partim (1) Schl., Mus. P.-B., Ooraces, 1867, 105 (Sangi). 
d. Oriolus formosus (1) Briigg., Abb. Ver. Bremen V, 1876, 61; (2) v. Koch, Verz. Vogel- 
balg. Cel. u. Saughir 1876, 2; (3) Salvad., Ann. Mus. Civ. Glen. IX, 1876, 60; (4) 
Sharpe, Cat. B. Ill, 1877, 205; (5) Fischer, Abh. Ver. Bremen V, 1878, 538; 
(6) Salvad., Atti Ac. Torino XMI, 1878, 1187; (7) W. Bias., J. f. 0. 1883, 132; 
(8) Meyer, Isis, Dresden 1884, 6, pt.; (9) Tristr., Cat. B. 1889, 181; (10) M. & Wg., 
J. f. O. 1894, 248, pt. 
e. Broderipus formosus (I) Rowley, Orn. Misc. II, 1877, 227, pt., pi. LVI; (2) Meyer, 1. c. 
remarks, pt.; (3) W. Bias., Ornis 1888, 607. 
“Tariawo”, Great Sangi, Nat. Coll. 
Figures. Rowley e I. 
Diagnosis. Average size smaller (4 adults: wing 167 mm, tail 129.3, tarsus 29, bill from nostril 
26); the yellow frontlet smaller; supraloral part of forehead black, reaching almost 
to the nostril, the yellow of the forehead intervening narrowly (C 2197, Tabukan, 
Gt. Sangi, and 3 others). 
Distribution. Great Sangi (Rosenberg cl, Meyer e 2, Fischer d 1, d 5, Bruijn d 3, d 6, 
Platen e 3, Nat. Coll.). 
Oriolus formosus — sangirensis. 
Observations. The islands of Tagulandang, Ruang and Biarro, lying between the Minahassa 
and Siao, are inhabited by O. formosus, but we find it impossible to point to distinct 
racial differences, though the Biarro bird may be somewhat small. The yellow frontal 
patch of adult males resembles that of the Great Sangi race in shape, but generally 
runs larger; in one specimen (C 13476) from Tagulandang it is, however, more re- 
duced than in any example from Great Sangi. The twelve examples recently received 
from our native collectors show that individual variation is considerable, and settled 
local characters do not seem to have come into existence at the present date. 
The species. 
Adult. Forehead bright yellow; rest of head above, sides of head, and in front of 
and below the eyes black; upper-parts, including wing-coverts, dark greenish 
yellow, becoming bright yellow on hind neck next the black of head, and on rump 
and upper tail-coverts; wings, with primary-coverts and bastard wing, black, 
the inner quills washed with the colour of the back, the outer ones greyish externally; 
centre tail-feathers black, washed with the colour of the back (in this specimen 
only on the basal half), tip yellow; remaining tail-feathers yellow, black at the 
base, the black increasing from less than Y 2 Hi® feather on the outermost to on 
the fifth pair; entire under-parts, including under wing- and tail-coverts, 
deep gamboge -yellow, with a few black hair-streaks on the malar region, chin and 
throat; quills below dusky drab, paler where they rest upon the body (Siao, 
