604 
Birds of Celebes: Treronidae. 
feathers (Pnomturus, Merops), the shape of the first primary in Ptilopns etc., the 
Bucerotidae, and others, may with safety be ascribed. Pigeons rarely “sail” on 
outstretched wings, like Crows, many Birds-of-prey, Storks, etc., though in spring 
Wood-pigeons may often be seen doing so in play; they are more given to 
beating the air with short, quick strokes with the wing not fully expanded, or 
“shooting” through the air on half-closed wings, steering and turning with re- 
markable agility. In these evolutions the first primary, which roots in the 
terminal digit of the manus, is not sti’etched out, and is probably almost entirely 
covered by the succeeding quills; the attenuated tip of it, which turns in- 
wards very much, certainly is so. Hence the reason why the first quill is more 
subjected to attrition from the quills in Pigeons than in many other birds. 
Count Salvadori (Cat. B. 1893 XXL p. 1) states that Pigeons have eleven 
primaries! ^\ e do not know from what Pigeon, or after what anatomist (unless 
Gadow;, the Italian ornithologist makes this statement; certainly all the Pigeons 
we have examined have the number usual in the higher orders of birds — ten 
primaries, and Ptdopus is no exception to the rule. The outermost primary 
covert is present, though reduced, but we have failed to find any sign of the 
eleventh quill. Xo mention of the primary formula in Pigeons is made either 
by Gerbe, Jeffries, Goodchild, or Wray, but Gadow, like Salvadori, 
states that Pigeons have eleven primaries (Bronn’s Kl. u. Ord. VI, pt. IV, Vog. II 
p. 212, 1893). 
* 255. PTILOPUS MERIDIONALIS M.& Wg. 
South Celebes Red-eared Fruit-pigeon. 
a. Ptilopus fischeri (1) Meyer (nec Brligg.), Ibis 1879, 135; (II) Gould, B. New Guinea 
V, pi. 56 (1880); f3j Meyer, Ibis 1881, 170, pt. (8. Gel.). 
h. Leucotreron fischeri meridionalis (1) M. & Wg., Oni. Monatsb. Jan. 1893, 12. 
Ptilopus meridionalis (1) Salvad., Oat. B. XXI, 1893, 74; (2) Hart., Nov. Zool. 1896, 163. 
Figure and descriptions. Gould a II\ Meyer & Wiglesw. hi. 
Adult. Like P. fisehen, adult, but the entire back and wing-coverts greenish slate, not yel- 
lowish grass-green; the entire imder siu’face (except flanks and under tail-coverts) 
light pinkish grey washed over with buff (not juguliun and breast dark grey, and 
abdomen ochraceous) ; head and nape-band darker than in P. fischeri, the red on sides 
of head also somewhat darker; hind neck and mantle darker; no buff on throat, which 
is white; bill somewhat shorter. Wing 172—175; tail 145; tarsus c. 28; bill from 
feathers of forehead 15.5 mm (type Macassar: Teijsmann, Nr. 1679). 
Female. “Slightly more greenish above, a Httle more brownish below, and a little smaller. 
Cf wing 172— 175 mm, Q wing 165— 166 m” (Hartert 2). 
“Iris orange-red; bill dark leaf-green; feet dull purplish; nails brownish plum- ^ 
beous” ($, Everett 2). 
Immature. A few green feathers interspersed on the shoulders and wing-coverts; lower back 
almost entirely green; under surface, especially near the vent, more ochraceous (Leyden 
Museum). 
Distribution. Southern Peninsula of Celebes: — [near] Macassar (Teijsmann), Mt. Bonthain 
and surrounding hills, c. 2500— c. 6000 ft. (Everett 2). 
