Birds of Celebes: Treronidae. 
607 
of tlie subgenus Leucotreron has been found in Sula, and it will be of interest 
in the future to know if P. suhgularis conforms to what seems to be the general 
rule and presents no appreciable differences in that group of islands. 
258. PTILOPUS MELANOCEPHALUS (Forst.). 
Javan Black-capped Fruit-pigeon. 
Plate XXXVIII. 
a. Columba melanoeephala (I) Forst., Zool. Iiid. 1781, 16, pi. VII; (II) Temm. & Kiiip, 
Pig. 69, pi. 30 (1808 — 11). 
b. Ptilonopus melanocephalus (1) Wall., P. Z. S. 1863, 486; (2) id.. Ibis 1865, 381, pt. 
Ptilopus melanocephalus (1) ScliL, N. T. D. HI, 1866, 207, irt.; (2) id., Mus. P.-B., Oolumbae, 
1873, 28, pt.; (3) Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, 551 (except Sula Besi); (4) Salvad., Oat. 
B. XXI, 1893, 142; (5) Hart., Xov. Zool. 1896, 179, 553, 563, 573, 575, 589, 597. 
c. Jotreron melanoeephala (1) Salvad., Ann. Mus. Oiv. Gen. VH, 1875, 671. 
d. Ptilopus melanauchen (Salvad.) (1) Biittik., Zool. Erg. Weber’s Reise in Ost-Ind. 1893, 
in, 287. 
For further synonymy and references cf. Salvadori 4. 
Figures and descriptions. Forst. a I\ Temininck & Knip os 27; Elliot 5; Salvadori 4. 
Adult male. Parrot-green; head and neck whitish grey; occiput and back of neck black; 
chin and middle of throat pale lemon-yellow; under tail-coverts lake-red; the 
shorter ones and vent orange-yellow; quills and tail below dusky smoke-grey, 
the tqj of the latter j)aler. “Edge of the eyelids light yellow; irides of thi’ee colours, 
an outer ring light yellow, a middle one dark grey, and the inner one light grey; 
bill green-yellow; feet vinous red” — Vorderman in Salvad. 2. Wing 115 mm; 
tail 85 c.; tarsus 19; bill from feathers of forehead 14 (Java, v. Schierbrand, Xr.l3235). 
Female. Parrot-green all over; but the longest under tail-coverts lake-red, as in the male. 
Young. Like the female, but the under tail-coverts green. 
Distribution. Java (Horsfield 4, Reinwardt 2, etc.); Bali (Doherty 5); Lombok (Wallace 
b 1, 4, etc. 5); Sumbawa (Forsten 2, Doherty 5); Sumba (Riedel in Dresd. Mus., 
Doherty 5); Satonda (Doherty 5); Flores (Wallace b 1, 4, Semmelink 2); 
Djamima and Kalao (Everett 5); Saleyer (Weber d 1, Everett 5). 
The Black -capped Green PtUopodes form an extremely closely -connected 
set of local species, consisting of P. melanocephalus (Java to Flores and Saleyerj, 
P. hangueyensis (Banguey, Basilan, Mindanao, Sooloo Islands), P. melanospilus 
(Celebes), P. chrgsorrhous (Sula), P. ooanthorrhous (Sangi Islands, Talaut). No fewer 
than four of the five forms therefore occur in the Celebes Subregion. The 
range of individual variation in many Pigeons is particularly small; the specific 
difi’erences between these Ptilopodes are such as might be overlooked by a casual 
worker, nevertheless we have found it possible to assort specimens from Celebes, 
Sula, Sangi, Talaut, and Banguey correctly without examining the labels. The 
following key, which is based upon Count Salvadori’s, should serve to 
distinguish them: 
