616 
Birds of Celebes: Treronidae. 
and there with blue reflections; quills and tail above glossy blackish blue, the 
inner quills and the edges of the upper tail-coverts washed with the green of the 
back; wing below blackish brown, under wing-coverts mostly dark metallic green, 
axillaries slaty; tail below blackish. “Iris orange-yellow for orange), bill black, feet 
cherry-red” — Platen 13 (Ruang, August, 1894: Rat. Coll. — C 13481). 
Female. Tliree females (Gt. Sangi) examined by Prof. W.Blasius (13) displayed fewer blue 
reflections on the upper surface than tliree males; Dr. Briiggemann, on the other 
hand, speaks of a female with dark steel-blue borders. We suspect that the more 
umform metallic ^-een of the upper surface is a sign of age, and, folloiving a well- 
known rule, that it is acquired more slowly by the female than the male. 
Hesthngr. (Wing 156 mm.) Aliemly coloured just like the adult female 'Briiggem 4 ) 
Measurements. Wing (1-2 adults: Sangi Islands) 273-295 nun, ning (l' adults: Kabruangj 
-DO 280; tail 170 ca.; tarsus 36 ca.; bill from feathers of forehead 19 — 21. 
Distribution. Temmber Islands or Timorlaut-group — Larat and Mam (H. O. Forbes 9) 
Cera or Seyrah, Tenhnber or Vordate (Riedel 7); Babbar ^Riedel 7); Daminai- 
(Riedel 11, Walker J7); „one small island west of Am” (Wallace 1, 16)-, Lutor 
imd Pulo-babi (Beccari 8); Am group (Rosenberg and Hoedt5); Kei Islands 
(Rosenb. 3, Hoedt 5, Beccari S, “Challenger” Exp. W); Tejoor (Rosenb. 5); 
Matabello or M atabella (Wallace 1, 3, Iff); Goram group — Manawolka and Padjang 
Rosenb. .3, g; Goram (Rosenb. 5, D’Alb. S); Banda (Reinwardt fide Salvad. S, 
Wallace 1, Hoedt 5); Batang kitjil near Tiforo (Bruijn 5); Sangi Islands - Great 
Sang! (Rosenb. 3, Meyer, Fischer 4, Platen 13, Rat. Coll.), Siao (Hoedt and 
V. Duivenbode 3, Rat. Coll.); Biarro, Ruang, and Tagulandang fiid.); Talaut ~ 
Kabmang and Karkellang (iid. 18). 
Thm large Pigeon seems to be of insular or oceanic habits, in the sense 
that It IS met with only on small islands, around the largest of which it could 
fly in about an hour. It is now known to occur from Talaut to Aru and Tenim- 
ber, yet it is wanting in the large intermediate islands of Halmahera, New 
Guinea, Ceram, Bum, Celebes, etc.; and between the Sangi group and Banda, 
where a break in its distribution occurs, it has as yet been discovered only on 
the islet of Batang kitjil near Tifore in the Molucca Straits. On the islands 
o uaiig and lagulandang between Sangi and the Minahassa it seems to be a 
plentiful species; it is evidently this Pigeon which Dr. Hickson saw on Huang 
in great numbers, and not C.pauUna (b 1) of the mainland of Celebes; the latter 
was not obtained in these islands by our native hunters, and C. condnna has 
never been heaid of on the mainland. C. paulina is easily distinguishable by 
its inuch smallei size and oiange-tawny hind neck. More similar is Carpophaga 
geehmkiana^GhX. of the islands of Geelvink Bay, N. Guinea, which has a white 
forehead with the feathers abruptly cut off about 6 mm above the nostrils in- 
stead of encroaching to above their base, and C. intermedia M.&Wg. of Talaut 
with a uniform dark bronze-green back, chocolate -brown under tail-coverts, no 
w ite frontal edge, etc. C. condnna varies in itself to some extent as regards 
size; Count Salvador! says Kei Islands birds are the largest of all. Sangi 
specimens are large. 
Mr. Hartert (20) has fixed a trinomial on to the Kei Islands birds. 
