Bil-ds of Celebes: Columbidae. 
633 
tail-coverts are also spotted with black. The insular M. bicolor has probably 
established itself in recent times in the Northern Peninsula of Celebes, while 
M. luctitosa may be regarded as the original race of Celebes, and possibly as 
the most ancestral form of the group. But the young of Pigeons at once assume 
the adult dress, displaying no phylogenetic stages, so that we know of no proof 
for such an assumption as this last. 
FAMILY COLUMBIDAE. 
This family, which is typified by the Rock Dove, is distinguishable from 
the Treronidae (except Phabotreron and Hemiphaga) by the tail being composed 
of 12 rectrices, and the soles of the feet are less broad (see; Salvador!, Cat. 
B. XXI 1893, 3). Salvador! recognises three subfamilies of Columbidae, viz. 
Columbinae, Macropggiinae, and Ectopistinae-, the first, in which Tuiacoena should, 
apparently, be included, having the tail shorter than the wing or equal to it, 
the two latter with the tail longer than the wing, but the Indo-Australian 
Macropggiinae with the feathers broad, and the Ectopistinae, consisting solely of 
the Passenger Pigeon of America, with the rectrices narrow and pointed (see 
Salvador!, p. 240). 
GENUS COLUMBA L. 
Tail shorter than the wing, square or slightly rounded; tarsus naked for 
more than the lower half; wing rather long, second primary (usually) longest, 
secondaries about V 2 to ‘V 3 its length; nostril covered at the base with a mem- 
branous protuberance. The genus is cosmopolitan. 
274. COLUMBA ALBIGULARIS (Bp.). 
White-throated Pigeon. 
a. Janthoenas albigularis (1) Bp., Compt. Rend. XXXIX, 1105 (11. Dec. 1854), (descr. null., 
ex Temm. in Leyd. Mus.); (2) id., ib. XL, 1855, 218, Nr. 125; (3) id.. Coup doeil 
Ordre Pig. 1855, 21, 56, Nr. 125; (IVj Rchb., Tauben 1862, 118, 183, Nov^iae 
t. VI, fig. 66, 67; (5) Salvad., Om. Pap. m, 1882, 120; (VI) Sharpe m (xld. 
B. New Guinea V, pi. 67 (1888): (7) Salvad., Agg. Orn. Pap. 1891, 184. 
b. Janthoenas halmaheira (1) Bp., Oonsp. H, 1854, 44. 
c. Carpophaga albogularis (1) Gray, List Oolumbae Brit. Mus. 1856, 24. 
d. Carpophaga albogularis (1) Schl., N. T. D. Ill, 1866, 206. tvt t» a 
Columba albigularis (1) Salvad., Cat. B. XXI, 1893, 313; (2) M. & Wg., Abb. Mus. Dresd. 
1896, Nr. 2, p. 20. 
“Awung”, Tagulandang and Ruang, Nat. Coll. 
“Tatamba”, Banggai, iid. 
_. _ _ ... ecu „ T/'T'* "R PI rb pub ach a IV\ Salvador! a 5, 1, 
Figures and descriptions. Sharpe a VI, ueicnenu 
For full synonymy cf. Salvador! 1. 
Mej-sr & Wiglesworth, Birds of Celebes (Nov. 22nd, 1897). 
80 
