Birds of Celebes: Peristeridae. 
645 
w Klaesi ell, Modigliani e 15); Banka (v. den Bossc-he 4); Billiton (Vorder- 
man i7); Borneo (Mottley, etc. d lO)] Balabac (Everett 21]; Palawan (Wliiteliead 
dll, dlO); Sangi Islands — Siao, Tagulandang, Ruang, and Biarro (Nap. Ooll. in 
Dresd. and Tring Museums); Oelebe.s — Talissi (Hickson 16), Banka, Mantehage, 
and Manado tua (Nat. Coll.), Minaliassa (Wallace b 1, 20, Meyer d 5, etc.), 
talo Distr. (v. Rosenberg 4, Meyer d 9), West Celebes, Dongala (Hoi^ty - ], 
Central Celebes, Barau (Sarasins 24), Tjamba Distr. (Platen e 8), Macassar ( a ace 
20); Indrulaman (Everett 25); Java (Horsfield e 5, Bernstein 4, etc.); Kangean 
Is. (Vorderman e 17); Bali (Doherty 25); Lombok (Wallace d 1, 20, etc.); bum- 
bawa (Eorsten 4, Guillemard e 9, etc.); Sumba (Riedel e 4, Doherty 25); F|ores 
(Wallace d 1, 20, Semmelink 4, Weber e 16); Solor (Wallace 20); Timor 
(Wallace dl, 20, Hoedt 4); Wetter (Hoedt 4, Riedel e 4); Kisser,^ and Lettie 
(Hoedt 4); Daweloor (Riedel e 4); Timorlaut (Riedel e 7); Halmahera (Bernstein 
4, Bruijn e 5); Ternate (Wallace d 2, 20, Bernstein 4); Tidore (Bruijn e 5); 
Amboina (S. Muller 4). 
In the Catalogue of Birds vol. XXI, Count Salvadori divides the Turtle 
Doves into five suhgenera, one of which, Spilopelia Sundev., is constituted by 
the present species and its two relations, T. chinensis (Scop.) of China and 
T. suratensis (Gm.) of India, Ceylon and Afganistan. They are recog-nisable by 
the feathers of the hind neck, which are bifid and black, with the double tip 
white. T. chinensis is larger than tigrhms, has the under tail-coverts grey, not 
white, and wants the dark shaft-streaks on the wings and scapulars; T. suratensis 
has two reddish side-spots at the tips of the feathers of the upper back and 
scapulars, and “the wing-coverts and tertials with a terminal black spot spreading 
up the shaft and set off by an isabelline or greyish red spot on each side 
(Legge 7). Mr. Hume (d5) believed that T. suratensis and tigrinus intergraded 
with one another in Upper Pegu, but this view has found confirmation neither 
from A. Muller (11), Oates (12), nor Salvadori (e5,20), and later Hume 
himself seems to have abandoned it (14). 
According to Meyer (d9) T. tigrinus was introduced into Celebes about the 
year 1835, and it is now a common species at least in the North of the island. 
In a similar way it was introduced into Labuan by Mr. Low, as Mr. Everett 
(d 10) states, and it now abounds there, and the author adds that it is said to 
have been introduced on the mainland of Borneo from Java . It 
cages and much loved as a pet in Sumatra, according to Bock 
Hagen (17), and in the Malay Peninsula (Kelham ^); in the former coun ry 
it is, as Bock says, regarded as something almost sacred, and absur j ig 
prices (as Davison also found) are demanded for specimens, but Hagen seems 
to have found that they are treated with less reverence in East Sumatra, t e 
males being kept for fighting purposes. The custom of keeping it in cages 
may explain its introduction into many localities, but it would appear to have 
spread its range by flight as well. Its original habitat appears to have been the 
Burmese countries or Java. _ 
Birds found from Java to Timor are said by Count Salvadori to be rather 
