662 
Birds of Celebes: Phasianidae. 
upon any small forms of lower animal life; they use their feet in scraping up 
the ground in search of food, or for dusting themselves and, in the case of 
many species of the Megapodes, raise large mounds in this manner in which 
to bury their eggs. 
Dr. Gadow (Bronn’s Kl. & Ord. VI, pt. 4, 1893, II, 174) considers that 
the Gain have affinities with the Turnices and Tinami, and in a less dearee with 
the Bails. These have all a U-shaped furcula, without any hypoclidium, in the 
Gain it is v-shaped with the latter process. The Galli have a large crop; in 
the Turnices and Ralli this is absent, but it is well developed in the Tinami. 
From the Charadriidae the Galli may be distinguished, as Gadow points out, 
by their having 10 (instead of 11) primaries and by the plagiocoelous 'cf. Diet. 
B. p. 142) loops of the intestines; from the Gruiformes by the intestinal arrange- 
ment, and by the strong spina sterni; from the Tinami by the hypotarsus with 
one or more canals, by the absence of impressions of supraorbital glands, and 
by the bill being covered with a smooth horny rhamphotheca. For further 
anatomical characters see Gadow 1. c. and in Newton’s “Dictionary of Birds”. 
In the Megapodes the 5*’’ secondary is supposed to be absent, but this requires 
reinvestigation. 
The Galli have normal toes — three in front and one behind, and the 
order is divided by Gadow and by Ogilvie-Grant into two groups or suborders, 
Alectoropodes and Peristeropodes , according as the hallux is raised above the 
other toes or on a level with them. Celebes has but few representatives of this 
order, and of these Excalfactoria and Gallus belong to the Alectoropodes, and 
Megapodius and Megacephalon to the Peristm'opodes. 
FAMILY PHASIANIDAE. 
The Partridges, Quails, Pheasants, Peacocks, Turkeys, and Colins are gathered 
into a family by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant (Cat. B. XXII, 1893), who distinguishes 
them from the Grouse -family, Tetraonidae, by their having the nostrils never 
hidden by feathers, the tarsi partially or entirely naked, and often armed with 
spurs; the toes naked, and never pectinated along the sides. 
GENUS EXCALFACTORIA Bp. 
The size of a Lark; tail-feathers 8 in number (Grant), entirely concealed 
by the much longer upper tail-coverts and difficult to examine; bill shorter than 
the cranium, the maxilla overlapping the mandible both at the tip and at the 
sides; tarsus yellowish, bare, except quite at the tihio-tarsal joint in front, reti- 
culate, equal in length to the middle toe and claw; hallux much reduced, about 
half the length of the lateral toes; wing short, rounded to fit the body, second- 
