664 
Birds of Celebes; Pbasianidae. 
i. Excalfaetoria australis (1) GId., Hb. B. Austr. 1865, 11, 197; (2) E. Earns., Ibis 1868, 
279; (3) id.. Tab. List 1888, 19. 
j. Coturnix minima (1) Eoseiib., Malay. Archip. 1878, 275. 
k. Excalfaetoria sinensis (1) Hume & Davison, Str. F. VI, 1878, 447. 
l. Excalfaetoria lineata (1) Grant, Cat. B. XXH, 1893, 253; (2) Bourns & Worces., B. 
Menage Exped. 1894, 29; (3) Grant, Handb. Game-Birds 1896, 196; (4) id.. Ibis 
1895, 193. 
“Bilu-Bilulu”, Gorontalo Distr., Kosenb. yi, Joest d 2. 
For further synonymy and references cf. Grant 35, and ll (with exceptions). 
Figures and descriptions. Gould /’J/, VI, g 11, i V, [Edwards a 1, Brisson ft /]; 
Reichenbach /"I; Biggies fill, Hume & Marsh. AF; Hartl. e 7; Legge e 8; 
Vorderman c 5; Oustalet H; Oates 22] Salvador! g 7; Grant 39. 
Male adult. Above bistre, the feathers blotched and vermiculated with black, chiefly on the 
inner web near the end, some with fulvous shaft-streaks; remiges dull drab; fore- 
head, upper tail-coverts, and greater wing-coverts washed with slaty-grey; 
sides of head, jugulum, sides of breast, and flanks slaty grey; other under- 
parts chestnut; throat and rictal streak black, enclosing a malar streak of 
white; lower throat white, bordered with hlack; under wing-coverts pale drab, 
mixed Avith white; remiges below pale drab: “feet orange-yellow; iris lake-brown; 
bill black” — Whitehead 34 (cf, “von Tondano lehend erhalten”, 13. Sept. 93: 
P. & P. Sarasin). 
“In very old examples the shaft-stripes entirely disappear”; and: “the chestnut 
on the under-parts gradually takes the place of the slate blue till very little of the 
latter remains” — Grant 39. 
Younger male. Has the black markings on the upper surface broader, on tlie sides of the breast 
a few feathers with dark brown cross-bars (cf, Tondano, 13. Sept.: P.&F. S.). 
Female. Above like the male, but without any slaty wash on forehead, upper tail-coverts 
and TOug-coverts; below more fulvous brown, barred with dark brown, most broadly 
on the flanks; middle of abdomen and throat whitish; malar stripe and behind 
the ear- coverts dotted with dark broum. 
In very old females the barring on the chest nearly disappears (Grant 39). 
Immature female. Has the feathers of the upper breast and sides spotted. As age increases 
these spots resolve themselves into transverse black bars (Grant). 
Young. The yoxmg in first plumage are probably similar to the imm. fern.; it appears that 
the male quickly assumes the adult dress, but evidence is wanting. 
Measurements (4 adults: K Celebes). Wing 67—70 mm; tarsus 17.5—18.5; bill from ant. 
marg. nostr. 6 mm. The sexes are of equal size. Xorth Celebesian specimens are 
not smaller than those of the Phihppines (Mindanao, Cebu). Two from Macassar: 
wing 65, 66 mm (P. & F. S.). 
Eggs. Java — not more than six; greyish oHve-green or ohve-brown, sprinkled more or less 
abundantly with olive-brown spots: size 25 X 19 mm (Bernstein e 4). Labuan — 
varying from dark olive-brown with few black dots, to pale olive-brown where the 
black dots are more numerous; size 25.4 X 19 mm (Sharpe 12). For further de- 
scriptions of eggs and nest cf. Hume 30, Indian countries; Legge e 8, Ceylon; 
Swinhoe 4, Formosa; A. Muller 25, Salanga; Mottley & Sclater e 5, Borneo; 
Kutter 26, Borneo; Sharpe & Whitehead 34, Borneo; Walden 7, Negros; E. P. 
Ramsay i 2, Auskalia. 
A hollow in the ground scraped out by the hen, lined with loose dry grass-stalks and 
roots (Bernstein e4 — Java). 
Nest. 
