Birds of Celebes: Eallidae. 
693 
d. Hypotaenidia gularis (1) vStejn., Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 362. 
e. Hypotaenidia jouyi (1) Stejn., ib. 363; (2) Stj'an, Ibis 1891, 329, 500. 
Figure and descriptions. Eeichenbach c I; Jerdona^; Scblegel 2; David & Oust. 7; 
Legge 5; Oates 20; Vorderman 21; Sharpe 32; Stejneger a 7, d 1, el. 
Adult male. Above black, the feathers flanged with raw lunber, the cervix and mantle with 
white lateral spots, which extend into m-egular white bars on the back and wing.s; 
wings generally browner than the back; head above brown with black centres, 
passing into dull chestnut on supraloral region, sides of occiput, nape and neck; 
lores, cheeks, juguluni, and breast slate-grey; chin and upper throat white; 
abdomen, sides, under wing-coverts and thighs dusky, barred with white; 
quills below dusky brown, barred with white not quite across; “iris red; bill- 
culmen dark brown, paling to slate at the tips, the sides of both mandibles red; legs 
and feet oUvaceous or livid brown, witli tlie joints darker; claws pale brown” — 
Legge 9 [(^, S. Leyte: Everett — 0 4502). 
Immature. Like the adult, but more uniform above, marked only with spots or short cross- 
streaks of white, none on the primary coverts; hardly any chestnut on sides of head 
and neck; the slate-grey of the jugulum and breast varied Avith fawn-colour, middle 
of abdomen Avhitish; “bill reddish grey; iris sepia; feet grey” {(f, Kema, N. Celebes, 
26. Aug. 93: P. & F. Sarasin). 
Young. “Differs from the adult in having the bill black, and the upper surface much 
darker and without any white spots and bars on the back; the head blackish, and 
the back darker olive-broAvn, with broad black centres to the feathers; no rufous on 
the sides of head or sides of crown and sides of neck” (Sharpe 32). 
Winter dress. “Plumage entirely overshaded with olive-brown, and there is a distinct 
fuh'escent tinge on the abdomen and under tail-coverts, almost hiding the black bars 
on the latter” (Shaiq^e 32). 
Measurements. Wing 115— -120 mm; tail 40; tarsus 35, 36; mid. toe with claw 41; culmen 
ft’, nasofrontal sut. 35 — 38 (2 examples). 
Eggs. “The eggs in my collection, some from Formosa, the others from Pegu (the latter 
obtained by Oates 10. Sept. 1880 and 11. Oct. 1876), resemble those of our Balli/s 
aquaticus. The maculation is, however, a different one, much more copious and in- 
tense, so that they can be readily distinguished. The measurements are: 33.5 X 26 mm” 
(Nehrkorn MS.). 6 or 7 in number; oval, occasionally almost pyriform; pure white 
to rich salmon-pink, blotched, spotted and specked with burnt Sienna-red to dull reddish 
purple, with subjacent markings of greyish lilac (ex Hume 2(1). 
Nest. A pad or heap of grass, 1 to 12 inches tliick, 6 to 10 in. diam. at top, placed in 
grass, rushes, or standing rice close by water (Hume 26). 
Breeding time. “From May to October according to locahty” (Hume 26). 
Distribution. Bengal and Southern India (Hume 26, etc. 32); Ceylon (Legge 9); Pegu 
(Oates 18, 20, etc.); Tenasserim (Davison 8, 32, Bingham 11); China — Lower 
Yangtse (Styan e 2); S. China (David 7, Rickett 34); Formosa (Swinhoe a 2, a 3); 
Cochin China (Diard 2, Conrad a 5); Siam (Swinhoe a 3); Malay Peninsula (Cantor, 
Maingay, etc. 32>; Sumatra (Baffles 5, H. 0. Forbes 19, etc.); Java (Horsfield 
b 1, Bernstein h 2, etc.); Boraeo (Doria & Beccari 5, Low, Mottley 24); 
Pliilippines — Luzon, Cebu, Leyte, Guimaras, Panay, Negros, Samar, Siquijor, 
Calamianes, Mindanao ,. Sooloo (Everett 13, Steere 23, Bourns & Worces. 36, 
Guillemard 22, .95); Celebes — Minahassa (Wallace 3, P. & F. Sarasin 37). 
The Plumbeous-breasted Bail was originally described by Brisson from the 
Philippine Islands, throughout Avdiich it seems to occur. As to Celebes, it has 
