702 
Birds of Celebes: Kallidae. 
Adult male. Above bistre with greenish reflection, browner on rump and tail, paler on wing- 
coverts and outer edges of remiges; head above chestnut, passing into bistre on the 
occiput; sides of head, fore-neck, breast vhaaceous-nifous, broAvner on the face, 
whitish on chin and upper throat; sides of breast greenish bistre; flanks, and 
abdomen dusky olive, blackish on under tail-coverts, the whole barred Avith white; 
under wing-coverts and remiges below broccoli-broAvn, the former with white 
tips; “iris and edges of eyelids cherry-red; legs coral-red”; wing 94 mm; tail 42; 
tarsus 33; middle toe Avith claw 35; bill from lores 19.5 (cf, Tondano, N. Celebes, 
11. XI. 94: Sarasin Coll., Nr. 335). 
Young. “Above uniform dark olive, with a slight tinge of vinous on the forehead and above 
the ejn; sides of face dusky broAvn; throat white; fore-neck and remainder of 
under surface Avhitish, barred with dusky olive; the sides of body, flanks and thighs 
uniform dark olive; under tail-coverts black, broadly barred and tipped Avith Avhite; 
under wing-coverts dark ohve edged with Avhite” (Sharpe il). 
Eggs. Swinhoe says 7 or more; moderately broad ovals, sometimes rather pointed; pinky 
or creamy white, streaked, spotted and blotched chiefly at the large end with hroAvnish 
red or reddish broAvn, pale inky-purple spots intermingled; the markings varying in 
different eggs from deep red to dull brown: size 29.5—32.3 X 20.3 — 22.6 mm fHume 
ll: see, also, SAvinhoe 1 and Bernstein b 2). 
Nest. A reed-formed nest at the roots of rushes (Swinhoe). Formed of weeds and grass, reed 
or rush (Hume). 
Distribution. India — South, Central and N. W. Provinces, the Punjab, Rajpootana — rare, 
Bengal (Hume 77); Cashmere (Stoliczka 5); Ceylon (Legge 5); Burmah (Blyth, 
Oates 7); Tenasserim (Brit. Mus. il)] South and Central China (Swinhoe 7, David 
d 2, Styan rf 5); Japan (T. & S. c 7, Pryer etc. h 1, i 1)] Formosa (Swinhoe 7, i 1)] 
Malay Peninsida (Hume & Davison 6, i 7); Sumatra (S. Muller e 1, e 6); Java 
(Reinwardt el, Bernstein b 2, etc.); Borneo (Schwaner el); Phihppines (Brisson 
al, Cuming e 7); Luzon (Steere 7d, Whitehead f 5); Leyte (Everett 4); Mindanao 
(Everett 4 , Steere 70); Celebes — Minahassa (P.&F. S.); ?Limbotto (v. Rosenb. 
f 1); Macassar (P.&F. Sarasin i 4). 
A single male example of the Ruddy Crake Avas obtained by the Drs. 
Sarasin at Tondano in NoA^ember, 1894, and a male and tAVO females at 
Macassar in September, 1895. It had previously been recorded from the island 
by von Rosenberg (f JJ from Limbotto, but his identifications cannot alAvays 
be trusted, though in this case probably right. The record had hitherto been 
overlooked by us. The Sarasins’ specimens are small, like those of Java. 
Individuals from Japan and China are stated to be of larger size by Sc hie gel, 
Seebohm, Sharpe and others, and the first-named recognised them as a 
distinct species, P. erythrothoraac; the separation is upheld by Dr. Stejneger 
(d 3). We believe, Avith Dr. Sharpe, that specific separation is impossible, 
chiefly because the supposed species are not stationary everyAvhere. Mr. Styau 
(d 4) considers it a summer visitor to the LoAver Yangtse; in Avinter, there- 
fore, the Chinese birds must be found in the Siamese Peninsula or the East 
India Islands. To the LucknoAv Division it is a cold Aveather visitant, according 
to Reid (9); and Legge found it to be a winter migrant to Ceylon. Oates 
describes it as a constant resident in Burmah. In India Hume makes the 
