726 
Birds of Celebes: Parridae. 
X f o. 1883, 139; (6) id., ib. 1884, 216, 219, 221; (7) Kutter, t. c. 226; (8) 
Guillem., P. Z. S. 1885, 560; (9) Meyer, Z. ges. Orn. 1886, 38; (10) W. Bias., 
t c. 152; (11) Guillem., Cruise “Marcliesa” 1886,11, 208; (12) Everett, J. Str. Br! 
E. A. S. 1889, 204; (13) Salvad., Agg. Orn. Pap. 1891,201; (14) Newton, Diet B 
1893, 464; (15) Sharpe, Oat. B. 1896, XXIV, 79, 728. 
1. Hydralector eristatus (1) Bp. [nec Vieill.j, Compt. Kend. 1856, XT, ITT 598 Xr ^>95 
c. Parra cristata Schl. (nec V), Mus. P.-B., Ealli, 1865, 68; (II) id., Dierkt. l872‘fig. 
p. 265; (3) Heine & Rchw., Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 1890, 316. 
d. Parra novae guineas (1) Eamsay, Pr. L. Soc. N. S. W. 1878, H, 298 
e. ?Hydralector novae hoUandiae (1) Salvad., Om. Pap. 1882, hi, ’309. 
“Pihndo” (Rosenb. a 3) or “Pientu” (Joest a 6), Gorontalo Distr. 
For synonymy and further references cf. Salvad. 4; Sharpe 15 
Figures and description. Temminck a J; Schlegel e 1, c //; Salvador! 4- - the supposed 
Austrahan race, H. novae hoUandiae Salvad., is figured by Gould. B. Australia VI 
pi. 75, as Parra gallinacea\ Sharpe 15. ' ' 
Adult. Forehead sides of face and of neck, and jugulum light silky orange-buff, pass- 
ing into white on chin and tliroat; a black stripe from the corner of the eye to 
the base of lower mandible; head above, hind neck, mantle, sides, under 
wmg-coverts and entire breast black with a steel-blue gloss on head, neck and 
mantle; upper parts deep glossy broccoli-brown passing into bluish black on rump 
tail, lesser wing- and primary-coverts and remiges (except the inner ones); abdomen 
wkte with a strong tinge of orange-buff on the flanks and under tail-coverts; carpal 
edge furnished with a spur (bony knob); culmen with a thin vertical comb, based 
behind opon a longer horizontal flap “reddish yellow; iris yellomsh brown ; bill black 
at tip, dirty yellowish at base; feet and tarsus olive-slate” — Guillem. 8- claws 
sligh% recurved, the hind one exceedingly long; wing 123 mm; tail 38; tarsus 57- 
middle toe 54, claw thereof 22; hind toe 17, claw thereof 69; bill from gape 26 
(V [• cf] Bake Limbotto, July, 1871: Meyer — 0 1994). 
Female. Much larger than tlie male. The wing-length seems to vary in males from 118 to 
132 mm, in females from 135 to 144 mm; and in cases where the wing-length lies between 
130— 140 ram, the length of the tarsus affords a sure test; namely, the tarsus in 
tem^es appears to be 6 cm or more, in the male at least some millimeters and usually 
a whole centimeter less than 6 cm (W. Blasius 10). 
Young. The young of the Australian bird is described by Gould as differing by having 
the whole under si^ace white, crown of the head and occiput reddish chestnut, the 
line down the back of the neck brown, and the back reddish brown, each feather 
margined with a still redder hue; only an indication of the helmet; iris light brown 
and the bill aurora-red with the exception of the base of the lower mandible, which 
IS light yellowish white (Handb. B. Austr. H, 333). 
Eggs. 4 in number (7). “The eggs certainly belong’ to the most interesting ones there are. 
They resemble in general the other Parm-eggs, have a clay-yellow ground with 
numerous deep black worm-lines and flourishes (Wunnhnien und Schnorkel), are very 
glossy, and measure 30 X 22 mm” (Xehrkorn MS.). The egg from Australia is 
figured by E. P. Ramsay, Ibis 1867, 417, pi. VHI, fig. 3, and by North, Nests and 
Eggs B. Austr. 1889, 327, pi. XVI, fig. 8. 
Nest. In Borneo the eggs were found by Grabowsky (6) resting, without any nest, free on 
the small fleshy leaves of a swimming water-plant. In Australia, “composed of sedges, 
grass, and aquatic plants, is placed close to the water’s edge, or upon any bunches 
of weeds or grass growing in the water” (Ramsay). 
