736 
Birds of Celebes; Cbaradriidae. 
remarkable, as it does not appear to have been discovered as yet in either the 
Philippines, Borneo or Java. It is, however, a migratory species , and may safely 
be regarded as a winter visitor to Celebes, though perhaps an irregular or, 
even, casual one. David and Prjevalsky observed that it breeds in Mon- 
golia, and Blakiston and Pryer found its eggs near Tokio; Styan also observes 
that a few remain to breed about the Lower Yangtse. According to David it 
visits China and Mongolia in summer, also Corea, as Kalinowski found, where 
it is numerous, but absent in winter. It makes its appearance on the Lower 
Yangtse in flocks in February, most of them passing on, no doubt north, in 
April (5)\ in South China Mr. De La Touche observed it occasionally in spring. 
In the winter it descends to India and Burmah. 
liike the Common Lapwing it is of gregarious habits. Its cry is likened 
by Davison (f 3) to the expression “did-all-eat”, but the Abbe David speaks 
of it as harsh and disagreeable. It frequents swamps, ploughed land, etc., and, 
according to Davison, it feeds entirely upon insects. 
Seebohm points out that L. dnerem may easily be distinguished from its 
nearest allies by its white secondaries. Lobivanellns miles, which ranges from 
N. Australia to Amboina (Salvad.), has very large pendant wattles covering the 
face in front of the eye, the neck white all round like the under-parts, the head 
above black, and is, therefore, far removed from the present species. 
In this species the pollex is developed into a considerable spur on the 
carpal edge^). Its object is no doubt for fighting vrith rivals and for driving- 
foes away. The Common Lapwing in which the spur is present, though less 
developed, may always be seen during the breeding-season “stooping” and plunging 
down in the air at approaching Crows; in fighting it has been seen to plunge 
time after time at a rival on the ground, a noise being heard each time as if 
a blow had been given with the wing upon the other’s back as the bird turned 
in its flight and rose again (Wiglesw., autumn 1895 — Moritzburg). Probably 
it is thus in rushing flight that wing-spurs are always used; on the ground, 
fighting like a cock, they would be of little or no use. 
GENUS SQUATAROLA Leaeli. 
Similar to Charadrius, but having a small haUux. A. single migratory species, 
of almost cosmopolitan distribution. 
316. ? SQUATAROLA HELVETICA (L.). 
Grey Plover. 
a. Charadrius squatarola (L) ; ('Jj Naum., V. Deutschl. VII, 1834, 249, t. 178. 
Squatarola helvetiea (L) ; (I) Gould, Birds Austr. 1848, VI, pi. 12; (II) Dresser, B. 
Europe VII, 455, pis. 515, 517, 518 (1871); (III) Dress., ib. 465, pi. 519 (1876); 
*,! Dr. Sharpe (g 1) wrongly states that the spur is absent and puts the bird in a new genus. 
