Birds of Celebes: Charadriidae. 
739 
c. Charadrius plavialis orientalis (I) Teinm. & ScliL, Fauna Jaii. Aves 1850, 104, pi. 62. 
d. Pluvialis fulvus (1) Schl., Mus. P.-B., Cursores, 1865, 50; (2) Rosenb., Malay. Archip. 
1878, 278; (3) Ribbe, Jb. Ver. Erdk. Dresden 1892, 172. 
e. Charadrius dominicus fulvus (1) Baird, Brew. & Ridgw., Water B. N. Am. 1884, 144. 
f. Charadrius pluvialis var. fulvus (1) Oust., Nouv. Arcb. du Mus. 1894, (3) VI, 92. 
g. Charadrius dominicus P. L. S. Mull.; (1) Sharpe, Cat. B. 1896, XXIY, 195, 738. 
“Kuwiel”, Minabassa, Xat. Coll. 
“Bararanga waila”, Talaut Is., iid. 
For further synonymy and references cf. Finscb & Hartl. 2; Salvadori 5, 18, 36', 
Sharpe & Dresser III; Legge 75; Wiglesw. 5.9; Wilson 40; Sharpe g 1', etc. 
Figures and descriptions. Gould a I‘, Temni. & Schlegel c 7; Sharjre & Dresser HI', 
Seebohm XXD‘»; Finscb & Hartl. 2; Legge 75; Salvadori 7S; Sharpe g I] etc. 
Adult in breeding plumage. Above spangled all over with orange-buff and black (the middle 
of the feathers being black, the buff forming spots on the sides and tips), head above 
blacker, inner wing-coverts greyer; remiges and outer wing-coverts dusky, the 
shafts of the remiges and edges and tips of the longer coverts white; tail dusky, 
crossed with about 6 bars of pale brown, these becoming white on the outermost 
feathers, tip whitish; forehead, superciliary stripe and sides of neck buff- 
white, sides of body and under tail-coverts white mixed with black; lores, 
cheeks, ear-coverts, throat, breast and abdomen black; wing below and 
axillaries drab, the under feathers of the latter notched and tipped with white; 
“bill black; feet greyish; iris dusky brown”: Sh. & Di*. Ill (Japan — 0 11316). 
Sexes. The sexes are similar, but Sharpe and Dresser express the opinion that the female 
probably assimies the breeding plumage less early in the season than the male. 
Probably the black of the under-parts is less pure. 
Adult in winter plumage. Above a good deal as in siunmer, but blacker-, and the feathers 
margined, not spotted (except towards scajnilars, rump, upper tail -coverts), with 
orange-buff; under-parts entirely without black ; forehead, superciliary region, cheeks 
and chin fulvous white, passing into drab-grey with pale fulvous margins on jugulum 
and upper breast; remaining under-parts wliite, a few bro-wn spots about the under 
tail-coverts and flanks; wing below as in summer (Kabruang: Xov. 1893: Nat. Coll. 
— 0 13034). 
Observation. Many individuals are killed in Celebes in transition-plumage between summer 
and winter dress: in August— September with the under-parts and face with black 
feathers intermixed with the grey-brown and white of the winter dress (Minahassa — 
C 10842), in July (cf, Limbotto — C 1962) in incomplete summer dress, in March 
(Manado — 0 1964) with much Idack below. Out of 24 specimens killed by our 
native hunters near Tondano in Aug. — Sept., 1892, all e.xccpt one had more or less 
black feathering intei-mixed with the pale brown of the breast. We have never seen 
an adult from Celebes in fidl breeding iflumage. 
Young in first (winter) plumage. Like the adult in winter plumage, but the feathers of the 
upper surface spotted, not margined, with orange-buff; below dull buff, throat 
and breast spotted with dusky, continued as somewhat obscure bars on the lower 
under-parts (which are, therefore, not pure wliite); tail notched with buff or whitish, 
not barred right across ; “bill black; legs slate-grey” [(f, Kema, 6. Oct. 93: P. &F. S). 
Observation. It is at first rather difficult to decide which is the adult in winter and which 
the young, as the upper surface of the latter is like that of the adult in summer. 
The two are correctly distinguished by Seebohm (XXP'^J. 
93 * 
