756 
Birds of Celebes: ' Charadriidaei 
Old male in breeding plumage. Head above, sides of occiput, hind neck, and cervical 
collar white, with black centre-streaks on crowui and occiput ; breast black, passing 
on to the shoulders and sides of neck; a branch from the latter bifurcating on the 
cheek into a broad submalar and subocular streak, the latter turning at the front 
of the eye narrowly to the forehead, enclosmg a quadrangular- wliite patch; chin 
and throat white; mantle and wings hght hazel, mixed with black; greater and 
lesser wing-coverts drab, the latter tipped with white; primaries greyish black, 
shafts white; back, rump, and under-parts white; longer upper tail-coverts 
and tail white, the shorter ones and a broad terminal bar on tail blackish; “bill 
blacldsh; iris dark brown; legs orange-red”: Dresser JCJ ( [o’] ad. Canada: Dr. Ross 
— Nr. 2720). 
Probably specimens in this plumage are not to be found in Celebes. 
Breeding female. It is much hke the male, but less brilliantly particoloured. 
Adult in winter. Has less chestnut in the plumage; the black portions of the head, neck 
and breast obscured by white tips to the feathers, and intermixed with white feathers 
(from Dresser XI). 
Young in winter. Head, neck, mantle, scapulars and wing-coverts dark brown with 
paler margins, greyer brown towards the head, greater wing-coverts broadly tipped 
with white;, back, longer upper tail-coverts, base and tip of tail, and under- 
parts wliite, shorter under tail-coverts and rest of tail blackish; upper breast 
blackish, with pale tips to the feathers, continuing on to the sides of neck and cheeks ; 
throat white (Dorontalo Distr.: Riedel — C 14129). 
Celebesian examples seen by ns are young in this type of plumage. 
Half-grown chick. Much like the above in coloration; the wings and scapulars broadly bor- 
dered with tawny (Sweden, July — Nr. 12462). 
Measurements (adidt'. Circa: wing 153 mm; tail 64; tarsus 25; middle toe 25; bill from fore- 
head 22. 
Eggs. 4. “Differing considerably from those of the typical Plovers, and approaching much 
more closely those of the Sandpipers . . . pale ohve-green of different shades to pale 
buff in ground-colour, dashed, clouded, spotted, and blotched with ohve-brown and 
very dark brown and with underlying markings of purplish grey”; size 38.6 — 43.2 
X 28 — 30.5 mm (from Seebohm b 1). 
Nest. “A few bits of dry herbage or withered leaves, scratched into a little hollow, which 
is usually selected under a tuft of herbage, or under a broad-leaved plant, or behind 
a bush” (Seebohm b 1). 
Distribution. Europe; Africa; Asia; Australia; Polynesia; America. For the East Indian 
' and Papuan Islands (cf. Salvad. 19, 25); Australia and Tasmania (E. P. Ramsay 23); 
Polynesia (Wiglesw. 31); New Zealand (Buller 25). In the Celebes Provmce: — 
IMinaliassa (Meyer 14), Banka (Nat. Coll.), Gorontalo (Riedel in Dresden Mus.), 
Buton (S. Muller al), Saleyer (Everett 38). 
The Turnstone has been met with in many places on the sea-coast from 
Spitzhergen to the Cape, from the Arctic shores of Siberia to Tasmania and 
New Zealand, from 8 2 72° N- Greenland to Chili. It is known as a breeding- 
species in the higher northern latitudes and, generally, as a bird of passage in, 
or winter visitor to, the more temperate intermediate, tropical, and southern 
localities; yet there seem to be many exceptions to this. Dresser repeats 
Layard’s opinion that it breeds on Robben Island, South-west Africa, 
