768 
Birds of Celebes: Cbaradriidae. 
Measurements. 
be 
!=5 
e 
Exp. culmen 
Length of 
nasal groove 
Tarsus 
i 
Mid. toe with 
claw 
a. 
(0 12102) ad., Manado tua, 8.IV. 93 (Nat. Coll.) 
161 
70 
37 
19 
33 
29 
b. 
(C 12101) ad., Manado tua, 8. IV. 93 (Nat. Coll.) 
165 
69 
— 
19 
34 
30 
c. 
(0 121 03) ad., Mantehage, 23. IV. 93 (N at. Coll.) 
161 
67 
38 
18 
31 
29 
d. 
(0 13264) ad., Mtnahassa, 25. I. 94 (Nat. Coll.) 
— 
65 
38 
18 
31 
29 
e. 
(C 13265) ad., Minahassa, 29. I. 94 (Nat. Coll.) 
168 
71 
40 
19 
33 
31 
f- 
(C 10948) ad., Minahassa, Aug. — Sept. 92 (N. C.) 
164 
68 
40 
23 
34 
32 
9- 
(C 10947) juv.? Minahassa, Aug. — Sept. 92 (N.C.) 
169 
70 
40 
20 
33 
30 
h. 
(C 1950) ad., Minahassa, March, 71 (Meyer) . 
— 
70 
— 
20 
34 
30 
i. 
(C 1960) ad., Minahassa, March, 71 (Meyer) . 
158 
63 
— 
19 
31 
29 
j- 
(C 1949) ad., Minahassa, March, 71 (Meyer) . 
161 
66 
38 
19 
34 
30 
h 
(C 1951) ad., Minahassa, March, 71 (Meyer) . 
— 
65 
38 
21 
33 
— 
1. 
(C 3568) ad., Minahassa (Faber) 
— 
71 
41 
20 
33 
30 
m. 
(C 3567) ad., Minahassa (Faber) 
— 
65 
— 
— 
33 
31 
11. 
(C 907) ad., Siao (Meyer) 
— 
66 
38 
19 
33 
30 
0. 
(C 12632) ad., Siao, 1. VH. 93 (Nat. Coll.) . 
166 
69 
38 
19 
32 
30 
p- 
(C 3651) ad., Grt. Sangi (Meyer) 
165 
68 
38 
20 
33 
30 
9- 
(C 12666) ad,, Gt. Sangi, 28. VII. 93 (Nat. Coll.) 
158 
62 
38 
22 
33 
29 
r. 
(C 13035) ad., Kabruang, 2. XI. 93 (Nat. Coll.) 
163 
67 
38 
19 
32 
30 
s. 
(C 1 3036) juv. ? Kabruang, 5. XI. 93 (Nat. Coll.) 
163 
68 
37 
19 
31 
29 
Moult. Of the above Celebesian examples: two (d, e) killed late in January are growing 
fi-esb piimaries, vix. all but the first ones (the outemost) in each wing are new, the 
second ones just sprouting; three (a, b, c) killed in April have new and perfect 
remiges, but are changing the contour feathers of the upper-parts; under-parts in 
summer dress; one (oj, dated Julj) has the four outermost primaries new (the first 
growing), the succeeding two or three inner ones old, as perhaps others; the upper- 
parts mostly with new winter feathers ; one, dated 28*’' July, is in much the same con- 
dition as the last, the two outermost primaries on one side, the three outermost on 
the other, being new; both specimens in full winter dress below; one (f), August — 
September, is a little more advanced than the last; one (r), 2“^ November, is in nearly 
complete w'inter dress, the primaries are new but many not full grown, some of the 
secondaries and tertiaries seem to be old. 
The above seem to be adult birds. The inference is that winter dress is 
assumed on the under-parts before July; that winter dress is assumed on the upper- 
parts from July to September; that breeding plumage on the under-parts makes its 
appearance before April; that the upper-parts assume breeding plumage about April; 
that 'the primaries are moulted from July and earlier till September, the -wing being 
probably complete in November— December, but, as we have specimens assuming fresh 
outer primaries at the end of January, we are undecided as to whether the bird sheds 
its quills twice or only once a year, in the latter case the process lasting over several 
months. (See, also. Young.) 
Sexes. They are not known to differ. 
Young? Two specimens (g, s, suj»'a) which we take for birds of the year, are Uke the adult 
in summer plumage. One of these two killed on 5*'“ November is still in plumage 
of the breeding type below and only commencing to assume winter plumage above, 
whereas those which we take for adults are in winter dress below (partly above) as 
