772 
Birds of Celebes: Charadriidae. 
much, broader; the secondaries somewhat more extensively white (one of the innermost 
being entirely white), but no white on the second primary; the sides of the breast 
and jugulum more extensively striated with dark brown; “legs and feet slaty greenish, 
toes dusky”: Legge d 6 (Kabruang, 8. Nov. 93: Nat. Coll. — C 13052). 
Measurements (27 examples from Celebes and the neighbouring islands). "Wing 100 — 117 mm ; 
tarsus ca. 24—27; mid. toe with claw ca. 24; tail ca. 54; bill ca. 23 — 26, 
Moult. Two specimens killed in the Minahassa in January (Nat. Coll.), three in March 
(Meyer) and one in July from Limbotto are moulting their remiges. 
Skeleton. 
Length of cranium , . . 
49.0 mm 
Greatest breadth of cranium 
13.5 
» 
Length of humerus . . . 
28.6 
Length of ulna 
29.5 
» 
Length of radius .... 
28.3 
» 
Length of manus .... 
33.4 
» 
Length of femur .... 
24.0 
» 
Length of tibia 
39.3 
Length of fibula . . . . 18.4 mm 
Length of tarso-metatarsus 24.0 » 
Length of sternum . . . 32.0 » 
Glreatest breadth of sternum 14.0 » 
Height of crista stemi . . 11.5 » 
Length of pelvis . . . . 31.4 » 
Greatest breadth of pelvis . 17.0 » 
Eggs. 4; pjTiform; white, with the faintest possible tinge of green, to pale creamy buff, 
speckled, spotted and blotched with light and dark reddish brown, and with under- 
lying markings of inky grey, size 35.5 — 40.6 X 25.4 — 28.7 mm (from Seebohm b 3). 
Nest. Usually near the water: on sandy banks, whex’e coarse grass is growing; or amongst 
herbage on the higher land; or on sand and gravel strewed with large stones and 
tufts of herbage; in woods on the banks of a river; even in gardens, orchards, or 
tumip-fields. The nest — a httle hollow scratched in the ground, lined with a few 
bits of dry grass, scraps of heather, dry leaves, or bits of withered rush (from 
Seebohm b 5). 
Distribution. Europe; Africa; Madagascar; Asia; throughout the East India Islands to 
Austraha and Tasmania and N. W. Polynesia. — Celebes Province: Talaut Is. — 
Kabruang (Nat. Coll); Great Sangi (Meyer d 13, Bruijn d 3)\ Siao (Meyer d 75); 
Manado tua and Mantehage (Nat. Coll.); Minahassa (Meyer, Guillemard dl5, 
P.&F. Sarasin b 12, etc.); Gorontalo Distr. (Eorsten 4, Meyer 10, Kosenb. 11, 
etc.); Togian (Meyer 70); Lake Posso (P. & F. Sarasin 77); Tete Adji, South Penins. 
(AVeber b S); Saleyer (Weber b 9). 
The Common Sandpiper ranges from the arctic shores of Eiirojoe to the 
Cape of Good Hope, from Kamtschatka to Tasmania, from Ireland in the west 
to Japan in the east; it is found alike on the strand of the Elbe at Dresden 
and of the Bay of Manado, Celebes. It is not known, however, in America, 
nor in New Zealand, being represented in the New World by Actitis macularia (L.) 
in which, when adult and in breeding plumage, the under-parts are spotted with 
blackish. The legs of the latter are yellower, which with some other small 
differences may serve to distinguish it in winter and when younger. 
In the northern parts of its range the Common Sandpiper is only a summer 
visitor, migrating southward in autumn. In Celebes it is to some extent a re- 
sident, as shown by specimens collected by Meyer at Limbotto in July and 
August and at Togian in August, but its numbers are probably greatly increased 
by migrants from the north in winter. In Borneo, where it is fairly common, 
according to Whitehead, some also apparently remain throughout the year. 
