804 
Birds of Cdeiies; IBidae.- 
’ 455; (7) B-osenb., Zool. Garten 1S81, 167; fSJ Browne, Auk 1887, 97; (9) Ramsay,' 
Tab. List. Anstr. B. 1888, 20; (10) North, Nests and Eggs Austr. B. 1889, 396. ) 
Plegadis falcinellus (1) Salvad., Atti Soc. It. Sc. Nat. Mil. 1864, VI; (2) id. (transl.), J.i. 0. 
1865, 315; (HI) Fritscb, Yog. Europ. 1870, 378, t. 43, f. 3; (IV) Dresser, B. 
Europe VI, 335, pi. 409 (1878); (5) Legge, B. Ceylon 1880, 1109; (6) Salvad., 
Om. Pap. 1882, ID, 382; (7) Oates, B. Br. Burmah 1883, II, 271; (8) W. E. 
Clarke, Ibis 1884, 134, 147; (9) Brd., Brew. & Ridgw., Water B. N. Am. 1884, 
I, 94; (10) Oates ed. Hume’s Nests and Eggs Ind. B. 1890, 231; (11) Biittik., Zool. 
Erg. Weber’s Reise 1893, IH, 284; (12) Newt., Diet. B. 1893, 456; (13) Sharpe, 
Cat. B. 1898, XXVI, 29. >) 
e. Ibis faleinella var. peregrina (1) Briigg., Abb. Ver. Bremen 1876, V, 98. 
f. Plegadis falcinellus var. peregrinus (1) W. Bias., Z. ges. Orn. 1886, 170. . 
g. Falcinellus falcinellus (1) Rcbw., Yog. Deutsch O.-Afr. 1894, 55. 
“Mololoneo”, Gorontalo Distr., v. Roseirb. a 2, Joest c 2. 
“Swekko itam trompet”, Malay, Minahassa; Nat. Coll. “Pokok remdeng trompet”, ib.; iid. 
For further synonymy and references cf. Finsch & Hartlaub d 3; Heuglin d 4; Elliot 
h 5\ Dresser IV\ Legge 5; Salvador! 6\ Sharpe 73; etc. 
Figures and descriptions. Plates in all the standard works on European birds; Gould b II\ 
Legge 5; Ridgway S; Sharpe 73, etc. 
Adult in breeding plumage. Forehead and crown glossy bronze-green; rest of head, 
entire neck, under-parts, scapulars (except the longest) and carpal region 
chestnut, lightest and brightest on the under-parts; remaining upper parts, under 
wing-coverts, axillaries, hind flanks and under tail-coverts dark metallic 
green, glossed with violet on the back and under tail-coverts, more bronze-green on 
wings, under wing-coverts and axillaries (Europe, Nr. 11736; Australia, Nr. 11726). 
“Iris brown, in some mottled with grey; bill dark livid brown; facial skin livid, 
extending round the eye from the centre of the forehead and thence to the sides of 
the lower mandible; legs and feet bronzed brown, bluish above the knee” (Legge 5). 
Sexes. Similar in coloration, but the male is said to be larger on an average. 
Young in first plumage. Dull brown, with but little gloss on the upper parts; head and neck 
finely streaked with wliite. 
Adult in winter plumage. Head and neck earthy brown, finely streaked with white; upper 
parts as in summer — dark green glossed with pm'ple and amethystine; jugulum, 
breast and abdomen earthy brown, with glossy pm’purascent middles to the feathers, 
and pale terminal edgings (Lake Limbotto, January 1876: van Musschenbroek — 
C 5272; Tondano, Aug.— Sept. 1892; Nat. Coll. — C 10986). 
Observation. Ornithologists are not generally aware, though the fact did not escape Naumann, 
nor recently Sharpe (13), that this species has a winter plumage, birds in this dress 
having usually been taken for immature individuals. That the adult puts on a dress 
in winter resembling that of the young is proved by the above-described example from 
Limbotto, which is moulting and has the head, neck and breast Avith broAvn feathers 
mixed with the chestnut ones of breeding plumage, but the chestnut feathers are old 
and worn and the brown feathers new ones on the breast, and the brown-and- white 
ones on the neck and head — though not quite so new as those on the breast, are 
in much better condition than the chestnut ones. 
1) Dr. Sharpe has most obligingly sent us the proof-sheets of the Catalogue of the Plataleae and 
Herodiones. 
