Birds of Celebes: Ciconiidae. 
807 
(3) Adam, Str. F. 1873, I, 398; (4) Ball, ib. 1874, II, 433; (5) Salvad., Ucc. Borneo 
1874, 356; (6) Hume & Davis., Str. P. 1878, VI, 469; (7) Tweedd., P. Z. S. 1878, 
344, 953; (8) Meyer, Ibis 1879, 144, 146; (9) Sharpe, t. c. 272; (10) W. Bias., 
J. f. O. 1882, 254; (11) id.. Verb, z.-bot. Ges.Wien 1883, 72; (12) id., J. f. O. 1883, 140; 
(13) Vorderm., N. T. Ned. Ind. 1885, XLIV, 239; (14) W. Bias., Ztsclir. ges. Orn. 
1886, 170; (15) Everett, J. Str. Br. R. A. S. 1889, 191; (16) Steere, List Coll. 
B. & M. Philipp. Is. 1890, 27; (17) Bourns & Worces., B. Menage Exp. 1894, 32; 
(18) Grant, Ibis 1895, 267; (19) P.&F. Sarasin, Z. Ges. Erdlc. Berlin 1895, 333; 
(20) M. & AVg., Abb. Mus. Dresden 1896, Nr. J, p. 15. 
Dissourai) episcopus (1) Salv. & Scl., Ibis 1878, 477; (2) Hume, Str. P. 1879, VUI, 71; (3) 
Vidal, t. c. 173; (4) Legge, B. Ceylon 1880, 11 19; (5) Vidal, S. P. 1880, IX, 88; (6) 
Butler, t. c. 433; (7) Reid, ib. X, 1881, 74; (8) Oates, t. c. 1882, 243; (9) Davis., 
t. c. 1883, 416; (10) Oates, B. Brit. Burmah 1883, II, 265; (11) Brd., Brew. & 
Ridgw., Water B. N. Am. 1884, I, 77; (12) C. Swinh., Ibis 1885, 135; (13) Heine 
&Rchw., Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 1890, 311; (14) Oates ed. Hume’s Nests and Eggs 
Ind. B. 1890, HI, 268; (15) Hart., Nov. Zool. 1896, 598. 
“Timbao” [Gorontalo Distr.], Rosenberg c 3. “Swekko burung taon”, Minahassa, Nat. Coll. 
For further synonymy and references [excluding the African form] cf. Hartlaub & Pinsch 
d2] Heuglin d 3’, Salvadori g 5\ Oates 10. 
Figures and descriptions. Gray e J; Reichenbach e 11, f Schlegel c 2; Legge 4; 
Oates 10\ Vorderman p J5; etc. 
Adult. Black, glossed with metallic green, some steel-blue on the back; breast glossed with 
auricula -purple; lower breast, thighs anteriorly, sides and under wing-coverts dusky 
glossed with green; abdomen, thighs behind, and tail-feathers wliite; neck 
clothed with white down; crown and nape glossy blue-black; sldn of face, and sides 
of upper neck bare, ‘deaden” (Legge), forehead covered with a little down [cf, Lake 
Posso, Central Celebes, 12. Febr. 1895: P.&F. Sarasin). 
The upper tail-coverts are much lengthened laterally, forming a strong fork, 
reaching nearly to the end of the rectrices. 
“L'is scarlet, with a yellow disk in the sclerotic or space surrounding the iris; 
bill black, changing to red at the tips of both mandibles, margins red; . . . legs and 
feet dusky red, the edges of the webs whitish; . . bare skin along the ulna vermilion- 
red” (Legge 4). 
Young. In the first plumage the sides of the head are feathered, and the neck, though clothed 
in white down, shows also blackish brown feathers, but which fall out in proportion 
as the down -feathers increase in extent (Schlegel c 2; see also Legge 4, 
W. Blasius g 10). 
Measurements. 
Wing 
Tail 
Tarsus 
Mid. toe 
and claw 
Exposed 
oulmen 
a. (Nr. 3199) ad., N. Celebes, 1871 (Meyer) . . 
485 
200 
165 
81 
139 
b. (C 2010) Q ad., Limbotto, July 71 (Meyer) . 
490 
190 
172 
— 
157 
c. (C 13273) ad.. Main, Minahassa, Feb. 94 (N at. C.) 
490 
205 
168 
85 
137 
d. (C 13861) ad., Malalajang, Muiah., Nov. 94 (iid.) 
485 
185 
174 
89 
151 
e. (Sarasin Coll.) rf ad., Lake Posso, Feb. 95 . 
475 
205 
162 
83 
146 
For comparison: D . 'p-nyssmaei'i : 
(C 5824) ad., W. Africa (v. Koppenfels) . . . 
455 
185 
145 
88 
138 
(C 15906) ad., “Abyssinia” 
490 
234 
154 
88 
140 
ij Also spelt Bissura by many ornitliologists, but Bissoura is the original of Oabanis (of. Re ichenow cl 4). 
