818 
Birds of Celebes: Ardeidae. 
28; fo) Gld., Hb. B. Austr. 1865, H, 299; (6) Pelz., Ibis 1873, 120; (VII) Buller, 
B. K Zeal. 1873, 231, fig.; (8) Echw., J. f. 0. 1877, 263; (9J Earns., P. Z. S. 
1877, 341; (10) Salvad., Om. Pap. 1882, ill, 342; (11) Meyer, Ztschr. ges. Orn. 
1884, 196, 216; fl2j Sclat., P. Z. S. 1887, 319; (13) Earns., Pr. L. Soc. K S. W. 
1887, 172; (14) Buller, B. K Zeal. 2“4ed. 1888, H, 134; (13) Earns., Tab. List 18S8, 
21; (16) Pelz., Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 1888, 54; (17) Cox &Hamil., Pr. L. Soc. 
N. 8. W. 1889, 420; (18) North, t. c. 1025; (19) id.. Nests & Eggs B. Austr. 
1889, 318; (20) Tristr., Oat. Coll. B. 1889, 54; (21) Salvad., Agg. Om, Pap. 
1891, 205; (22) Hartert, Kat. Senckenb. Mus. 1891, 202; (23) Wiglesvr., Av. 
Polyn. 1892, 67; (24) North, Pr. L. Soc. N. S. W. 1893, 238; (25) Btittik., 
Zool. Erg. Weber’s Eeise 1893, IH, 306; (26) M. & Wg., Ahh. Mus. Dresd. 
1894, Nr. 4, p. 3; (27) iid., ib. 1895, Nr. 8, p. 18; (28) Hart, Nov. Zool. 1896, 
565, 598. 
h. Herodias novae-hollandiae (1) Gray, List Grallae Br. Mus. 1844, 80; (2) E. L. & L. C. 
Layard, Ibis 1882, 531, 544. 
e. Demiegretta novae-hollandiae (1) Gray, HL. 1871, IH, 28; (2) Meyer, Verb. z.-b. Ges. 
Wien 1881, 767. 
Notophoyx novae hollandiae (1) Sharpe, Oat. B. 1898, XXVI, 109. 
For further synonymy and references cf. Salvad. a 10. 
Figures and descriptions. Gould all, a 5\ Buller a VII, a 14\ Schlegel a 4; Salvador! 
a 10-, Sharpe 1. 
Adult. General colour cinereous; forehead, face, chin and upper throat white; the 
rest of head above, ear-coverts, neck and upper surface dark cinereous, the 
occipital feathers lengthened (about 40 — 50 mm), the scapulars lengthened and narrow, 
wing-coverts washed with brown; remiges and tail-feathers slaty, the lateral tail- 
feathers browner; under parts, including lower fore-neck and elongated pectoral 
feathers, vinous grey; under vung-coveiis paler, the longest and the axiUaries whitish; 
bill blackish, base of under mandible yellowish; “iris whitish yellow; legs yellow” 
(P. & F. Sarasin) ; wing ca. 300 — 330 mm (tips of longest quills broken off in this 
specimen); tail 140; tarsus 96; mid. toe with claw 69; exposed culmen 84 (Q, Kema, 
20. Oct. 1893: P. & F. Sarasin). 
Male. According to Gould (all), it is a little larger than the female. 
Young. “Differs from the adult in having more white about the head and neck, and a darker 
tinge of brown on the under parts; the dorsal plmnes, moreover, are scanty, and the 
delicate purplish tint on the breast is altogether wanting” (Buller a 14). 
Eggs. 4; uniform pale bluish green; size 50—53 X 34—35.5 mm (North a 19). 
Nest. Of sticks and leaves m the topmost branch of a tree overhanging a river or dam 
(N orth a 19). 
Breeding season. “Commences in September and continues during the three following months” 
(North a 19). 
Distribution. Australia and Tasmania (Gould a II, Eamsay a 15, etc.); New Zealand 
(Buller a 14)\ Norfolk Id. (Metcalf a 24)] New Caledonia (Layard, etc. a 10, 
b 2, 1)] Loyalty Is. (Lay. « 70); Papuasia — ?New Guinea, Am, Kei (fide Salvad. 
a 10); Timorlaut (Eiedel all)] Timor (S. Muller a 4, Wallace a 10, 1)] Flores 
(Weber a 25)] Sumbawa (Forsten a 4]] Sumba (Eiedel c 2); Lombok (Doherty 
and Everett a 28)] ? Java (a 10)] Moluccas — Manawoka and ? Goram (Eosenb. 
a 10)] North Celebes — Minahassa (P. & F. Sarasin). 
The White-fronted Heron is a recent addition to the Celebesian avifauna, 
being one of the discoveries of the cousins Sarasin, who obtained the adult 
