848 
Birds of Celebes; Ardeidae. 
GENUS GORSACHIUS Bp. 
Differs from Ni/cticoraos by its shorter toes, the middle one being considerably 
shorter than the tarsus, by its smaller and shorter bill, with the nasal groove 
broader and more membranous in front of the nostril; by the absence of the 
narrow, elongated nuchal plumes, by its more variegated and Bittern-like color- 
ation. The pectinations on the claw of the middle toe are much larger, and 
the soles of the feet more expansive. For further particulars see below (p. 849). 
Range: India to Japan, the Pelew Islands, Halmahera and Java. 
360. GOKSACHIUS KUTTERI (Cab.). 
Philippine Tiger-bittern. 
a. Ardea limnophylax (1) Schl., Mas. P.-B., Ai’deae, 1863, 55, partim; Rosenb., Malay. 
Archip. 1878, 278; ? (3) W. Bias., .1. f. O. 1883, 126. 
h. Gorsachiusi) melanolophus (nec Raffl.); (1) Blyth, Ibis 1865, 38 pt. (Philippines); (2) Slvd., 
Oat. Ucc. Borneo 1874, 355, pt.; (3) Wald., Tr. Z. S. 1875, IX, 238, pt.; (4) Slvd., 
Om. Pap. 1882, III, 371, pt. ; (5) Blittik., Notes Leyd. Mus. 1887, IX, 81, pt. 
(6) Sharpe, Ibis 1888, 204; (7) W. Bias., Ornis 1888, 320; (8) Everett, J. Str. 
Br. R. A. S. 1889, 190; (9) Wliitehd., Ibis 1890, 60, 147; (10) Sharpe, Ibis 1890, 
147, 285; (11) Steere, List Coll. B. & M. Philipp. 1890, 27; (12) Bns. & Worces., 
B. Menage Exped. 1894, 32; (13) Everett, Ibis 1895, 32; (14) M. &Wg., Abh. 
Mus. Dresd. 1895, Nr. 9, p. 8; (15) Sharpe, Cat. B. 1898, XXVI, 166; (16) Grant, 
Ibis 1897, 250. 
c. Ardea philippensis (1) Martens (nec Gm.), J. f. O. 1866, 28. 
d. Butio kutteri (1) Cab., Orn. Centralbl. 1881, 159; J. f. O. 1881, 425; Rchw. & Schal., t. c. 
1882, 115; (II) Kutter, t. c. 178, t. HE; (3) Heine & Rchw., Nomencl. Mus. Heine 
1890, 309. 
e. Butio (Goisachius) kutteri (1) Schalow, J. f. 0. 1891, 230. 
“Tola mariri”, adult, and “Tola ambatja”, young, Talaut Islands, Nat. Coll. 
Figure and description. Cabanis d 1\ Kutter d II. 
Adult. Head above and occipital crest blackish slaty; neck dark cinnamon, inchning 
to raw umber on sides of head; chin white; a stripe of whitish feathers streaked 
with brown down the fore neck; upper parts slaty brown, the scajuilars and 
wing-coverts mottled and vermiculated with cinnamon, some of the primary coverts 
chestnut, tipped with white; remiges slaty blackish, broadly tipped with white, with 
a Bubterminal blotch of hazel, tail blackish slaty; under parts including under wing 
coverts white, stained with buff and streaked and spotted irregidarly with dark brown, 
forming bars on the sides, fla,nks and axillaries ; upper part of upper mandible hom- 
colour, the rest yellowish; legs and feet brown, claw whitish (in the skin), (Esang, 
Talaiit Is., 20. Oct. 1894; Nat. Coll. — C 13854). 
Young. Head and nape black, with white terminal edgings and the nuchal plumes with 
large, subterminal, sagittate spots of white; sides of head, neck and upper parts 
sooty hlack, the feathers tipped with white, and with large, irregular, subterminal 
The word is variously spelt Gorsaklus, Gorsachius, Goisakim, and Goisachius. The fii’st is a uomen 
nudum and Gorsachius comes next in chronological order (cf. Stejneger). 
