Birds of Celebes; Ardeidae. 
861 
feed in the morning and evening, keeping quiet during the day; he has, how- 
ever, seen it ahout long before evening. It seems to have its nearest affinities 
with Arietta eurkythma, the preceding species; ivhen adult A. dnnamomea is very 
different in appearance, but in second plumage they are not so easy to distin- 
guish; the cinnamon-rufous remiges and longer toes of A. cinnamomea then afford 
the best criterion for their separation. 
That the Cinnamon Bittern breeds in Celebes is shown by the young bird 
described above from Dr. Platen; it was killed on May 31®‘, and looks as if 
it might have left the nest a fortnight before. Eggs have been described from 
Java and the Philippines. In China, however, and in the N. W. Provinces of 
India the bird is known as a seasonal visitant from the observations of David, 
Styan, De La Touche, and Hume, and it is probable that this movement 
may be felt as far south as Celebes. So far as is at present known this island 
and Lombok mark the limits of its range towards the south-east. 
GENUS XANTHOCNUS Sliarpe. 
Structurally very like Arietta, also with 10 tail-feathers, differing chiefly 
by its larger size, the absence of “epaulets” or tufts of feathers with broad black 
centres on the sides of the breast, and by the long, loose plumage of the sides 
of the neck and jugulum. 
365. XANTHOCNUS FLAVIOOLLIS (Lath.). 
Yellow-necked Bittern. 
The following references bear upon the occurrence of this species in the 
Celebesian Province: 
a. Ardea flavicollis (1) Pinsch, JSTeu-Guinea 1865, 183; (2) Briigg,, Abh. Ver. Bremen 
1876, V, 97; (3) W. Bias., J. f. 0. 1883, 116, 121. 
h. Ardetta flavicollis (1) Rcliw., J. f. O. 1877, 218. 
c. Ardeiralla flavicollis (1) Salvacl., Orn. Pap. 1882, HI, 364; (2j Meyer, Isis, Dresden 
1884, 6, 57; (3) W. Bias., Z. ges. Orn. 1885, 321; (4) id., Ornis 1888, 632, 643; 
(5) Butt., Zool. Erg. Weber’s Reise 1893, m, 284; (6) M. & Wg., J. f. O. 1894, 253. 
d. Ardeirallus flavicoUis (1) Sbarpe, Bus 1894, 427. 
Xanthocnus’) flavicollis (1) Sharpe, Ibis 1894, 431. 
e. Dupetor flavicollis (1) Sharpe, Oat. B. 1898, XXVI, 247. 
“Baletagi”, Talaut Is. — Kabruang and Lirung, Xat. Ooll. c 6. 
For further synonymy and references to the species and its races cf. Salvador! c 7; 
Sharpe e 1. 
Figures and descriptions. Gray & Hardwicke, HI. Ind. Orn. pi. 66, f. 2 (India); Gould, 
B. Australia VI, ph 65 (Australia); Salvador! cl (Papuasia and Moluccas); Legge, 
1) We do not think Dr. Sharpe (Bull. B. 0. 0. XXXI; Ibis 1890, 256) should have rejected his name 
Xanthocnus for Dupetor of Heine (Nomencl. 1890, 308), which is a nomen nudum intended as a substitute 
for Ardeiralla Verr. 
