Birds of Celebes: Anatidae. 
875 
lower back and rump almost uniform darker brown, slightly glossy; secondaries 
velvety black, narrowly tipped with white, the tenth feather metallic green, except at 
tip, the adjacent part of the next feather similar; the outer 9—11 greater wing- 
coverts white, except quite at the base, the inner feathers brown, tipped with whitish 
browm; forehead and face rufous brown, finely streaked with brownish black, be- 
coming on crown and nape almost uniform brownish black; chin and upper throat 
white with rusty tips to the feathers; remaining under parts cinnamon, bright 
with brown -black spots (the colour of the middles of the feathers) on the breast, 
dull, with obscm-e grey-brown spots for the rest; under tail-coverts blackish, with 
pale edges; under wing-coverts blackish brown, some of the longer inner ones 
edged with white; axillaries white (q^, Lake Posso, 12. Peb. 95: P.&P. Sarasin). 
Female. Seems to be quite similar to the male, but smaller with a smaller bill. This spe- 
cimen has the throat buff white, without rusty tips to the feathers ($ Towuti Lake, 
1. March, 1896: P.&F.S.). 
Measurements 
a. (Sar. 0.) cf, S. Oentr. Cel., 31. Jan. 95 
h. (Sar. 0.) o’. Lake Posso, 12. Pebr. 95 
c. (Sar. 0.) Q, Towuti Lake, 1. Mch. 96 
d. (0 852) Lake of Lino, May 71 (Meyer) 
e. (C 853) Lake of Lino, May 71 (Meyer) 
f. (Nr. 3166) Gorontalo (Riedel) . . 
Nine specimens after W. Bias. {e8). 
g. (Nr. 3165) Java (v. Schierbrand) 
h. (C 6294) Sumba (Riedel) . . . 
i. (0 6293) $, Aril (Riedel) . . . 
j. O', New Zealand (fide Buller) . 
k. Q, New Zealand (fide Buller) . 
Por comparison N. castatieum 
l. (Nr. 10519) [0* ad.] Australia . . 
TO. (Nr. 10813) [O’ ad.] Australia . . 
(Nr. 12646) [Q] Australia . . . • 
0 . (Nr. 10500) [5] Australia .... 
Wing 
184 
184 
182 
185 
178 
184 
172—190 
192 
180 
170 
203 
190 
230 
225 
209 
208 
Tail 
80 
77 
81 
80 
77—89 
80 
101 
89 
110 
Tarsus 
34 
34 
34 
37 
32 
34 
32—36 
35 
35 
34 
32 
41 
37 
Mid. toe 
and claw 
35 
47 
45 
44 
47 
44 
47 
44—51 
48 
45 
43 
32(!) 
52 
47 
47 
Exposed 
culmen 
34 
34 
37 
35 
34 
38 
• 38.5 
34 
33 
31 
38 
42 
41 
38 
39 
Eggs. Described by Dr. E. P. Ramsay (e 11) as from six to ten in number; creamy wliite; laid 
in the hollow branches of trees. Size about 48 X 37 mm. 
Distribution. With racial differences: Celebes — Minahassa (Porsten el, Meyer b 3), 
Gorontalo Distr. (Porsten el, Rosenberg el, el, etc.), Paguatt (Porsten el). 
Lake Posso, Central Celebes (P.&P. Sarasin e 14, 6 15], Luwu, head of Gulf of 
Tomini (Weber e 13, P.&P. S), South Celebes (S. Muller el, Pl^en e 8, 
P & P S , Everett 8); Saleyer Id. (Everett 3); Java (Vorderman e 7, Diard 11, 
V. Schierbrand); Sumba (Riedel hi, Doherty 5); Plores (Wallace el, II, 
Weber el3); Timor (S. Muller el, Wallace cl, II]; Ara (Riedel); New Guinea 
(Loria 4); New Caledonia (el, e 12); Australia (Gould d 1, Ramsay e 9]; New 
Zealand (Buller, etc. e 10]. 
Touching the question of the identity of N. castaneum and N. gihberifrons, 
or their distinctness as two species, the difficulty may be stated as follows; 
110 * 
