902 
Birds of Celebes: Laridae. 
^11) Bus. & Worces. , B. Menage Exped. 1894, 31; ^12) Saund., Cat. B. 1896, 
XXV, 113. 
a. Sterna pusilla (1) Temni., Man. d’Orn. 2"*^ ed. 1840, pt. 4, 465. 
b. Sternula sinensis (1) Boie, Isis 1844, 183; (2) David & Oust., Ois. Chine 187/, 527, 
(S) A. Mull., J. f. O. 1882, 438; (4) Salvad., Orn. Pap. 1882, m, 445; (5) Earns., 
Tab. List 1888, 23; (6) North, Nests & Eggs B. Austr. App. 1890, 405; (7) Salvad., 
Agg. Om. Pap. 1891, 212; (8) Meyer, Abh. Mus. Dresden 1891, Nr. 4, p. 17; 
(9) De La Touche, Ibis 1892, 503; (10) Tacz., Eaun. Oni. Sib. Orient. 1893, D, 
1014; (11) Salvad., BoU. Mus. Torino 1896, XI, Nr. 250, 14. 
c. Sterna minuta (nec Linn.); (1) Scbl., Mus. P.-B., Sternae, 1863, 22, partim; (2) Kosenb., 
Malay. Archip. 1878, 279; (3) Steere, List Coll. B. & M. Phibpp. 1890, 27. 
d. Sternula placens (1) Gould, Ann. Mag. N. H. 1871, VIII, 192; (II) id., B. New Guinea 
1876, V, pi. 72. 
e. Sternula minuta (nec Linn.); (1) Wald., Tx\ Z. S. 1872, VIII, 118; (2) Meyer, J. f. 0. 
1873, 405; (3) id.. Ibis 1879, 145. 
For further synonymy and references cf. Salvador! h 4, b 7; H. Saunders 12. 
Figures and descriptions. Gould JI; SeebohmS, woodcut of head; Legge 4; Salvador! 
b4\ Oates .5; Taczanowski b 10-, H. Saunders 12. 
Breeding plumage. Crown, occijDiit, nape, and a band from the eye to the base of 
the bill unifoi'm black; forehead white, extending as a stripe to over the eye; 
upper parts light grey, pearl-grey on neck, primaries frosted with pearl-grey, all 
the shafts above, as well as below, white; secondaries tipped with whitish; tail 
and upper tail-covcrts nearly white; chin, face, and under parts, including 
under wing-coverts und tail below white; primaries below grejish dusky, 
whitish on inner portion of inner webs; wing 180 mm; tail 95; depth of fork about 
48; tarsus 18.5; middle toe and claw 17; e.xposed culmen 30 (Japan — C 11337). 
“Iris hazel-brown; hill gamboge-yellow, sometimes without a dark tip, but 
generally with more or less of the tips of both mandibles, for a distance of 8.9 mm, 
black; legs and feet orange-yellow. In some females the legs are dusky orange” 
(Legge 4). 
Winter plumage. In winter the crown as well as the forehead is white; blackish in front 
of the eye. 
Young. Above pale cinnamon-buff and grey, the feathers marked with subterminal U-shaped 
bars of dusky; nape and sides of occiput and spot in front of eye black; crown 
streaked with black and buff-brown; forehead whitish ; under parts including tail white 
(New Britain: B. & H. Geisler — C 10164). 
“Bill, lower mandible and edge of upper fleshy yellow, culmen and tip of lower 
mandible dusky; legs and feet dingy yellow” (Legge 4). 
Eggs. Eesemble those of S. minuta of Europe with line spots. The ground-colour is a pale 
clay-yeUow, the spots and points smaller than those on eggs of the Eiu’opean species 
compared; the superficial ones of dark brown, the inferior of greyish brown are rather 
numerous and distributed over the whole surface, more numerously at the blunt end. 
Dimensions: 33 X 25 mm; 34 x 26; 38 X 23 fUssuriland — Taczanowski b 10]\ 
see, also, Legge 4; Hume S; North b 6. 
Nest. A little hollow scratched out, lined with a few bits of grass-stalk, etc., on gravel, or 
sliingle, or sand, on the shores of rivers or on islands therein, or in dried-up reservoirs, 
shores of lagoons, or of baj's of the sea (4, 8, b 9). 
Distribution. S. E. Siberia, Us,suriland and Corea (b 10)\ Japan and Loochoo Islands (9)] 
Formosa (12)-, Hainan, China (b 2, 10)] Bay of Bengal, Ceylon, Burmah and Malacca 
