GOOSANDER. 
239 
Of their particular place, and manner of breeding-, 
® have no account. Mr Pennant observes, that they 
^otinne the n hole year in the Orkneys ; and have been 
j ot in the Hebrides, or Western Islands of Scotland, 
j" Summer. They are also found in Iceland and Grecn- 
and are said to breed there ; some asserting that 
‘‘ey build on trees ; others, that they make their nests 
•ftpng the rocks. 
Tim male of this .species is twenty-six inches in length, 
three feet three inches in extent; the bill, three inches 
and nearly one inch thick at the base, serrated 
both mandibles ; the upper overhanging at the tip, 
"here each is furnished with a large nail; the ridge of 
bill is black ; the sides, crimson red ; irides, red ; 
6ad, crested, tumid, and of a black colour glossed with 
"‘■'^en, which extends nearly half way down the neck, 
..‘B rest of which, with the breast and belly, are white, 
''^Sed with a delicate yellowi.sh cream; back, and 
o'joiniug scapulars, black ; primaries, and shoulder of 
j ‘B wing, bron nish black ; exterior part of the scapulars, 
®^ser coverts, and tertials, white ; secondaries, neatly 
^Blfed with black ; greater coverts, w hite ; their upper 
*‘Ves, black, forming a bar on the wing; rest of the 
wper parts, and tail, brownish ash ; legs and feet, the 
^toiir of red sealing wax ; flanks, mai-ked with fine 
Jbficircular dotted lines of deep brown ; the tail extends 
“Out three inches beyond the wings. 
l^This description w-as taken from a full plumaged 
‘‘•ftle. The young males, which are generally much 
./’I'e numerous than the old ones, so exactly i-esemble 
, B females in their plumage for at least the first, and 
of the second year, as scarcely to be distinguished 
Ooi them ; and, what is somewhat singular, the crests 
o fliese and of the females are actually longer than 
ose of the full grown male, though thinner towards 
J Bxtremities. These circumstances have induced 
late ornithologists to consider them as two 
oerent species, the young, or female, having been 
.®d the dun diver. By this arrangement, they have 
hrely deprived the goosander of his female; for, in 
