Introduction: Seasons and Winds. 
27 
In the South Peninsula the rainy and dry seasons are generally much 
more strongly contrasted than in N. Celebes. On the west side of this Peninsula 
the N.W. Monsoon brings great quantities of wet and the S.E. Monsoon for 
some months very fine weather. On the opposite east coast the converse of 
this is the rule. This is well shown by the rainfall at Balang Nipa which lies 
on the east coast of the Peninsula in about the same latitude as Macassar some 
60 miles distant on the west coast: May, June and July are among the fine 
months at Macassar, while great quantities of rain fall at this time at Balang 
Nipa; but December, January, Febnxary and March are fine months at Balang 
Nipa, during which Macassar receives deluges of rain. Bonthain on the south 
coast of this Peninsula is sheltered from the N.W. Monsoon by the great 
Bonthain mass of mountains, and its seasons correspond with those of Balang 
Nipa, except that much less ra,in falls. Dr. van der Stok has most obligingly 
sent us tables showing the direction of the winds at Bonthain in the years lb86, 
1887 and 1888. These are chiefly westerly from December to April, veering 
from S.W. to W.N.W. and generally changing a point or two in the course of 
each day; from May till the end of November the general direction is east, 
N.E. to S.S.E., with similar changes during the course of the day. 
The following are the tables in the “Regen waarnem ingen in Ned. Ind. for 
the South Peninsula of Celebes (see next page). 
One of the only two injurious winds known in the Dutch East Indies is 
found on the west coast of Celebes between Maros and Mandar and called the 
“Barubu”. It blows yearly during the months of July, August and the beginning 
of September from the E. N. E. and extends about a geographical mile seawards. 
It causes a difficulty in breathing, dries up the lips and the throat, bringing 
about inflammation of the eyes and often long-lasting fevers (de Hollander, 
1882, I, 86). The botanist Teijsmann experienced this wind in the South Pen- 
insula at Pankadjene, Tjamba (6‘’‘ September) and Bantimurang (26*** September). 
He describes it as a wind which covers everything with fine dust, as very unplea- 
sant, and at sea often very dangerous (N. T. Ned. Ind. 1879, 60, 78). A similar 
obnoxious wind is the “Anging bolo” of Bima, Sumbawa. 
The temperature of Celebes is not high, seldom exceeding 32® C. (26® E., 
90" F.). The tables show that August and September are the driest months at 
nearly all spots where the rainfall has been observed. On the whole, as a glance 
at our maps HI and IV will show, Celebes has the same seasons as the islands 
lying south of the equator, as indeed should be the case from its geographical 
position; but at a few spots both in North and South Celebes traces of the 
minimum of rainfall in February, which is characteristic of N. Borneo and 
N. Sumatra, may be noticed. 
S(ui(ji. — 'I'he rainy season seems to set in after October. Dr. Platen, 
writing from Great Sangi in January, 1 887. speaks of having been confined to 
the house for weeks by ceaseless rain falling in the N. W. Monsoon. (Gefied. 
Welt, 1887, 263). 
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