Introduction: Variation. 
61 
representative species, P. septentriomlis and <S. septentnonahs, of the Noith s 
Carpophaga paulina shows a slight increase in size in the South and a v ly 
small increase is noticeable there in Streptocitta alhkolhs and in Phoemcophaes 
calorhgnchu'‘. 
Similar geographkal mriatiom of coloration. - The Lories of the genus 
anr CdeCs, and PoitteuUles of Australia, the Lesser Sunda Islands -nd “ebe. 
Count Salvadori (1891) recognises 16 species, all of which have a jellow (m 
two oases red) band across the base of the remiges, except m the Celebesian 
n Ik are three species, T. ornatus and P. megen in Celebes, and 
area, where there are th.ee specie 
P.farovindu,- m Sula, ^ immature specimens out of 
small evidences of a yellow band in two oi iiu e 
17 examnles of T ornatus and in three young specimens and one female m 
examples oi . ^ si„nificant indication that these species are 
smaller series of ^ ® g^g gj-e found inhabiting the 
derived from birds which P”™**®'* ’ yy^y the birds have lost the 
countries to the east and south of Cel 1 
band in the Celebesian area it appears useless to specula e 
Pitta forsteni of Celebes wants the usual whhe 
The Serpent-harrier, ^^wo closky allied, 
rhodogaster, of Celebes, are represented in „laJusis). Both of these 
but slightly smaller forms (S.i ufipectus ^ tije t,„ger 
have undergone a similar modification ot the wing, j xxr^rH-Vi 
sZce of the remiges have become narrower in Sda, or have increased in width 
“ “:rCurho!s\TThelInu: Pi,d,»a«V, which range from the Himalayas to 
Australia, have pale bills, and the Kingfishers of the 
from India to the Sula Islands, have red bills except in Celebe , wheie tath 
the Cuckoo and the Kingfisher have the bill “ack, while the tall o^ 
is varied with black and red in the neighbouring Bangui S^nds three 
Out of the ten known geographical spee.es of the Palaut Mauds 
display melanotic influences or, at least, “ fhe Lory, Pos 
Oriolus melanisticus, Dicaeum talautense, an _ wirms than the typical 
histrio talaulcsis, has, however, sUghtly less black on the wings 
Eos histrio of Sangi. , , a tUp headino' Geographical Variation, 
The above cases are included under the beadm B 1^ connected 
because theh peculiarities of coloration seem m j ; „.oa, however, 
with some unknown local ‘‘';“J':rwhth seems to be in no way 
Other cases of similar celehensis and SpMus lanceolatus 
connected with the locality. young, as are in the same way 
which are similar, adult to a « ^ ^ Ikodogaster ; while Muscicapula westermamu, 
also Spilospizias tnnotatus and Acapite y 
