34 
Birds of Celebes: Falconidae. 
the under tail- coverts; under wing- coverts still more scantily spotted with brown 
than in the above. In almost every detail the description of the young Pernis celebmsis 
would apply e(iually well to this bird (N. Celebes — Dresd. Mus.). 
Immature. Intermediate between the yoirng and adult: head whitish, broadly streaked with 
black, breast marked with guttate sti'eaks of hlacldsh brown; under parts mottled 
with pale brown and wbitisli, with feathers regidarly barred vuth dark brown inter- 
mixed; flanks and thighs narrowly barrred as in the adult; upper parts dark broAvn, 
tail with five bands, the basal one indistinct (Banka Id., IST. Celebes, 17. May 1893: 
Nat. Coll. — C 12235). 
Two young specimens in the Leyden Museum have the head all white. 
"Wing 
Tail 
Tarsus 
Mid. toe 
without 
claw 
Culmen 
from cere 
a. (Nr. 6670) cf ad. 8. Celebes (Platen) . . . 
355 
258 
91 
45 
30 
h. (C 12235) [cf] imm. Banka Id., N.Cel 17. V. 93 
(Nat. Coll.) 
375 
265 
50 
31 
c. (Sarasin Coll.) cf vix ad. Lake Po.sso, 17.11. 95 
(P. & F. 8.) 
358 
265 
91 
29.5 
d. (C 1 4246) [cf ] juv. Lembeh Id. 28. H. 95 (Nat. CoU.) 
355 
260 
— 
— 
31 
e. (Mus. Petersb.) juv. N. Celebes (Kiedel) . 
370 
270 
91 
49 
31 
/. (C 10846) [$] ad. near Manado VUI — IX. 92 
(Nat. Coll.) 
410 
290 
97 
53 
35 
g. (Sarasin Coll.) Q juv. Eurukan Forest, N. Cel. 
2. A^n. 94 (P. & F. 8.) 
395 
276 
34.5 
b. Nr. 14077 [§] juv. N. Celebes (Eiedel) . . . 
406 
285 
90 
54 
34 
Distribution. Celebes and Sula. Gorontalo Listr. (Forsten h 1, b 3]\ Minahassa CWallace 5, 
V. Bosenberg b 5; etc.); Banka Island off the Minahassa (Nat. Coll, in Dresd. Mus.); 
Lembeh Island (Nat. Coll, ib.); Central Celebe.s — Lake Posso (P. & F. Sarasin 5); 
South Celebes — Macassar CWallace 5), Tjamba Distr. (Platen in Dresd. Mus.), 
Maros (AVeber 7); Sula Islands — Sula Besi (Bernstein b II, b 3). 
Aru, recorded as the land of origin of this species by von Pclzeln (4), may 
be safely ascribed to erroneous labelling, as v. Pelzeln lihnself subsequently con- 
cluded (see: Salvador! d 3). 
Nothing is known of the habits of this Hawk-eagle. The allied S. limnaetus 
of Java prey,s on rails, waterfowl, ducks, chickens, robbing also the nests of 
other birds (Schl. Astures, 7). Colonel Legge found the favourite food of 
S. ceylonensis (Gm.) to be a large lizard, Calotes. It also devours Squirrels and 
other small mammals (B. Ceylon, 59). The allied species, N. cirrhatus (Gm.) 
and 8. ceylonensis, lay as a rule only one egg; N. limnaetus one or two eggs 
(Legge, 1. c.; Gates, Hume’s Nests and Eggs, 1890, HI, 147, 149). Conse- 
quently, among the Hawk-eagles, there is no overcrowding; the birds are 
stationary, and a number of local races have been built up. 
Touching the remarkable similarity of the plumage of this species to Pernis 
celehensis, see the descriptions of the latter and plates). 
The form of Spizaetus most nearly allied to 8 . lanceolatus is perhaps 
8. philippensis Gurney. A figure of this species given by Walden (Tr. Z. S. 
1875 IX,, pi. XXW) displays a bird very like the adult Celebesian Hawk-eagle, 
