40 
Birds of Celebes: Palconidae. 
cousins Sarasin in the same province as the previous specimens, the Minahassa, 
and in October, 1895, a young example from the extreme south of the island 
was added to their collection. 
When von Rosenberg in his “Malayischen Archipel”, p. 271, speaks of it as 
being “nicht sehr haufig”, there we do not doubt that he must have mistaken some 
other large bird of prey for it; especially as there is no specimen obtained by him in 
the Leyden Museum. No doubt the movements of this bird will be found to depend 
mainly upon the time of production of its favourite diet, the eggs and young of 
other birds; and this varies in different localities. Mr. Whitehead has obtained it 
in Borneo in June. Other notices are: N. Celebes, November; S. Celebes, October; 
Ternate, March (Bernstein h 3) and December (Bruijn h 6)\ Halmahera, Decem- 
ber (Bruijn h 6;; Borneo, October and February (Doria and Beccari, Salvad. 
Ucc. Borneo 1874, 5, Whitehead hlO); Malay Peninsula, Sept.— Oct. (Wray h9). 
In the winter months also it has been noticed to be more plentiful in the Hi- 
malayas at an elevation of seven or eight thousand feet than it is during the 
hot season (Legge ho), a curious reversion of the usual rule of migration, 
namely, that of going to a warmer climate during the cold season, and showing 
that food is of greater consequence to birds than is the weather. 
GENUS HALIAETUS Sav. 
The Sea-eagles are of large size; wing very long, tail rounded, “scarcely 
exceeding the closed wings” (Legge); tarsus stout, the upper third feathered in 
front, the lower two-thirds covered in front with transverse shields; toes mo- 
derate; claws semicircularly hooked, grooved below, soles very rugose, 
furnished with sharp horny points (adapted for holding slippery booty like fish); 
bill large, basally where covered by the cere — straight, tomia with a slight 
festoon. Feeds on mammals, reptiles, fish, carrion. Lays two eggs. Six spe- 
cies, migratory and stationary, distributed over most of the tropical and tem- 
perate sea-coasts of the world, except those of South America. 
15. HALIAETUS LEUOOGASTER (Gm.). 
White-bellied Sea-eagle. 
a. Falco leucogaster Gm., S. N. 1788, I, 257 (ex Latham). 
b. ? Falco blagrus Baud., Tr. d’Om. 1800, II, 70 (ex LevailL). 
c. Falco oceanica (I) Temm., PI Ool 1823, Ni’. 49. 
Haliaetus leucogaster Vig., ZooL Journ. 1824, I, 336; (I) Gld., Syn. B. Austr. 1838, pi. 37, 
f. 1; (2) SchL, Mus. P.-B. Aquilae 1862, 14; (III) id., Yalkvogels 1866, 9, 50, 
pL 4, f. 1, 2; (4) Finsch & Hartl, Om. Oentralpol. 1867, 1; (5) SchL, Eev. Accip. 
1873, 117; (6) Sharpe, Cat. B. 1874, I, 307; (7) Legge, B. Ceylon 1880, 68; 
(8) Vidal, Str. F. 1880, 32; (9) Gurney, Ibis 1882, 235; (10) Oates, B. Brit. 
Bumah 1883, H, 199; (11) Gurney, Diurn. B. of Prey 1884, 59; ^72; Vorderman, 
N. Tijd. Ned. Ind. XLH, 3 (sep. copy); Guillem., P. Z. S. 1885, 515; (13) 
