Birds of Celebes: Falconidae. 
41 
Styan, Ibis 1888, 232; (14] Sharpe, Ibis 1888, 195; (15) id., ib. 1889, 73; 1890 
274; (16) Hartert, J. f. 0. 1889, 376; (17) Everett, J. Str. Br. R A. S. 1889, 183; 
(18) North, Nests and Eggs B. Austr. 1889, 7, pi. I, f. 2 (egg); (19) Steere, List B. 
Philip. 1890; 7; (20j Oates, ed. Hume’s Nests and Eggs Iiid. B. 1890, III, 161; (21) 
Hose, Ibis 1893, 419; (22) Biittik., Zool.Ergehn. Weber’s Reise in Ost-Ind. 1893, IH, 
272, 286, 290; (23) Studer, Reis. Gazelle 1889, IH, 198; (24j Hagen, Td. Ned. Aard. 
Genoots. 1890 (2) VH, 130; (24'‘‘^) Hickson, Nat. in N. Celebes 1889, 35; (25) 
Bourns & Worces., B. Menage Exped. 1894, 33; (26) Vorderm., N. T. Ned. 
Ind. 1895, 318; (2Tj Blanf., Faun. Br. Ind. B. Ill 1895, 318; (28) M. & Wg., 
Abh. Mus. Dresden 1895, Nr. 8 p. 4; (29) iid., ib. 1896, Nr. 2, p. 7. 
d. Haliaetus sphenurus (I) Gld., Sjm. B. Austr. 1838, pi. 37, f. 2. 
e. Ichthyaetus leucogaster (I) Gld., B. Austr. 1848, I, pi. 3; (II) Diggles, Orn. Austr. 
1866, pt. 5. 
f. Cuncuma leucogaster Gray, Cat. Acc. Br. Mus. 1848, 24; (1) Hume, Str. h. 1876, IV, 
422, 461, 462; (la) Meyer, Ibis 1879, 56; (2) Salvad., Orn. Pap. 1880, I, 7—11, 
548, et Agg. 1889,' 11; (3) AV. Bias., P. Z. S. 1882, 698; (4j id., Ornis 1888, 304; 
(5) Salvad., Orn. Pap! Agg. 1889, 11; (6j Hartert, Nov. ZooL 1895, 476; (7) 
Salvad., Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1896, XXXVI, 58. 
“Kadjawali", Main, Minahassa, Nat. Coll. 
“Koheba laut”, Lembeh Id., iid. 
“Bunia”, Tonkean, E. Celebes, ud. 
“Kuwajang”, Banggai Id., iid. 
For further synonymy and references see Salvadori f 2, f 5. 
Figures and descriptions. Temminck c /; Gould, J, c? /, e 7; Scblegel III; Diggles e J/, 
North 18 (egg); Finscb & Hartlaub 4; Scblegel 5; Sharpe Hume Sal- 
vadori f 2\ Legge 7; AV. Blasius f 3\ Vorderman 72; Blanford 27; etc. 
Adult. Head, neck and all the under parts white; upper surface of body ashy grey; 
primaries and base of tail slaty-blackish; end of tail white for the terminal 
90 mm (ca.), (E. Celebes, Nat. Coll. — C 14355). “Bill black, base and cere 
lead colour; feet very pale yellow (dirty white — AVhitehead 15]\ iris olive brovm 
(AVallace). 
Young. Above brown, more whitish tawny on the region of the head and neck, darker 
on the back, all the feathers edged with paler brown, fulvous or whitish; below 
rufous brown and tawmy, varied with whitish; tail whitish, terminal third blackish 
browm (juv. Minahassa, 9. H. 94, Nat. Coll. — C. 13230). 
The following are taken from extreme measurements made by Legge, 
Sharpe and AAA Blasius (6, 7, f 3) and three adults from Celebes in the Dresden 
and Sarasin Collections. 
Measurements. 
Small o’ 
Large Q 
Wing 
Tail 
Tarsus 
Culmen 
with cere 
535 
240 
87 
50 
610 
315 
107 
55 
Eggs Generally 2, white; seen against the light blacldsh green; often smeared with brown 
or yellowish — probably from the fteces of the parent bird. Average measurements: 
71.4 X 52-6 mm (Oates 20, North 18). 
Breeding season. AVest coast of India and Ceylon, October— December (8, fl, 7)-, mouth 
of the Hoogly and Nicobar Islands, end of January (^20 ; North Borneo, a nest with 
Meyer k Wigleswortli, Birds of Celebes (Oct. Sib, lS9i). 6 
