46 
Birds of Celebes: Balconidae. 
“Sikep sedang”, Minaliassa, Nat. Coll. 
“Dandape”, Great Sangi, iitl. 
“Tagi”, Talaut Islands, lid. 
For synonymy and further references see Salvador! 7, 
Figures and descriptions. Temminck c I; Temm. & Schl. d I; Schlegel d III, d 2; Sharpe 
i; Hume & Davison 5; Salvador! 7; Oates 77; Taczanowsk! 25\ Blanford 
57; Meyer JlJCXF, etc. 
Adult. Above dark grey-brown, shafts blacldsh, bases of the feathers drab; head above and 
nape blacker, with rufous edges; wing-coverts hazel-brown, a few whitish terminal 
sjjots thereon; secondaries grey-brown, tips whitish, primaries and primary 
coverts blacker, the iinexpiosed parts rufous-hazel, crossed witli narrow partially ob- 
literated bars; upper tail-coverts broadly tipped and barred with white ; tail crossed 
with about four blackish bands, tip whitish; cheeks and ear-coverts drab, with 
black shaft-lmes, submalar stripe and one down the middle of the throat blackish; 
chin and throat laterally wliite; under parts white, crossed ■with brace-shaped 
bars of rufous-brown, chest nearly uniform rufous-browm; under tail-coverts buif- 
wliite; under wing-coverts buff-white, with sparing hastate spots of rufous; wing- 
below, where it rests upon tlie body, wliite, the bars nearly obhterated, distal ends of 
remiges blackish [c^ ad. Tomohon, N. Celebes, 9. IX. 94: P. & F. Sarasin. 
“Lis golden yellow; bill chrome-yellow at base, rest black; cere chrome; legs 
dull chrome-yellow; claws black” (Everett 13). 
Female. Similar to the male, but larger. 
Young. Differs from the adult in liaving the under parts wliite, streaked with rufous-brown 
(not ban-ed); the dark stripe dowm the middle of the throat much reduced or absent; 
cheeks and ear-coverts blackish brown (not drab); head above wliite, saturated with 
rufous on occiput and nape, and streaked with blackish brown; feathers of the upper 
parts witli pale terminal edges, wliite on some of the wing-coverts (o’ juv. Eurukan, 
N. Cel., 22. XI. 94: P. & F. Sarasin). 
“Lis dark yellow'; bill black, cere yellow; legs and feet yellow” (P. & F. S.). 
Measurements (extremes from small male to large female). Wing 306 — 345 mm; tail 190 — 213; 
tarsus 58 — 62. 
Eggs. Not positively knowm. 
Distribution. Japan, Ussuriland (25), China, Formosa, Cochin China, Tenasserim, Malacca, 
the Philippines, including Palawan (4, 15, 16), Balabac (29) and Sooloo (13), Borneo, 
Labuan, Java, Celebes — Northern Peninsula (Eosenberg, Duivenbode, Eiedel 
d4, Guillemard 75, etc.), Siao (Hoedt ri 4), Great Sangi (Eosenberg, Hoedt d 4, 
Platen 14, Nat. Coll.), Talaut Islands — Salibabu and Karkellang (Nat. Coll.), 
Ternate, Halmahera, Morty, Salawatti, Waigiou (cf. Salvador! 7, Oates 77, Kelham 
8, W. Blasius 14, Kutter 10). 
Count Salvador! includes Burmah (Hume) in his list of localities, but only 
Tenasserim is noted for it in Mr. Oates’ and Mr. Blanford’s more recent w'orks. 
It is possible to sho'w that this species occurs in the East India Archi- 
pelago only as a migrant from China, Ussuriland and Japan during the N. E. 
monsoon, the winter in the latter countries. Such Mr. Whitehead considered it 
undoubtedly to be in Borneo (17), and Mr. Everett (18) states that “it aj)pears 
in Labuan and Northern Borneo in September and remains through the winter. 
It is quite the most abundant of the migratory as Haliastur intermedius is of the 
