62 
Birds of Celebes: Faloomdae. 
Mus.); Lombok (Vorderman « 20, Everett dl)] Sumatra (S. Miill. a 3); Singapore 
(Davison a S); Malacca (Davison a 8, Hume a 8ter)\ Tenasserim (Davison a 8); 
Cocliin China (Gurney a 8 Ins); Burmah (Oates all). 
For some reason the Black Kite is very local, rather than rare, in the 
East Indian Archipelago. It has never been met with in the majority of the 
islands. In Celebes, notwithstanding the amount of collecting done in the 
Minahassa and Gorontalo, it had not been found there until 1883, when v. Faber 
sent a specimen from Manado to the Leyden Museum. In the southern end of 
the south-western Peninsula, as in Timor, S. Muller notes that it is very com- 
mon about the mouths of the rivers (a V). Whether it is a migrant from 
Australia here, or a resident, there is insufficient evidence to show, but the 
latter view is the more probable one, since it apj)ears probable that Australian 
birds are a little smaller, and more rufous. The food of this species consists 
of any such birds, small mammals, reptiles, fish, etc. as it can catch and kill; 
also, carrion. 
GENUS ELANUS Sav. 
The Black-shouldered Kites are of small-medium size and easily distin- 
guishable by their coloration — bluish grey above, with most of the wing- 
coverts black and white under parts; also by the long, pointed wing, with 
the 2“^ primary longest; tarsus with the upper two-thirds in front 
feathered, the lower part covered with small polygonal scales; tail 
long, very slightly forked; bill compressed in front, the nostrils oval, protected 
by the loral bristles. Preys upon insects; also small land-vertebrates. Four species, 
two at least of doubtful validity, found in the warmer parts of both the Old 
World and America. Eggs 3 — 5. 
21. ELANUS HYPOLEUCUS J. Gd. 
East Indian Black-shouldered Kite. 
a. Falco melanopterus Horsf. (nec Daud.), Tr. L. S. 1822, XTTT, 137. 
Elanus hypoleucus (1) Gould, P. Z. S. 1859, 127; (II) id., B. Asia vol I, pi. 12 (1860); 
(3) Sclat, P. Z. S. 1863, 207; (4) Wall., Ibis 1868, 17; (3) Gray, HL. 1869,1, 
28; (6) Wald., Tr. Z. S. 1872, VIH, 36; (7) Schl., Rev. Acc. 1873, 130; (8) 
Sharpe, Oat. B. 1874, I, 338; (9) Salvad., Ucc. Borneo 1874, 12; (10) Wald., 
Tr. Z. S. 1875, IX, 142, 249; (11) id., P. Z. S. 1877, 757; (12) id., ib. 1878, 939; 
(13) id., ib. 1879, 69; (14) Meyer, Ibis 1879, 56; (15) Salvad., Ann. Mus. Civ. 
Gen. 1879, 173; (16) Sharpe, Ibis 1879, 236; (17) id., P. Z. S. 1879, 314; (18) 
Gurney, Ibis 1879, 333; (19) Nicholson, ib. 1881, 140; (20) id., ib. 1882, 67; 
(21) Vorderman, N. T. Ned. Ind. 1882, XLI, 3; (22) Gurney, Diurn. B. of Prey 
1884, 84; (23) Guillem., P. Z. S. 1885, 253; (24) Everett, J. Str. Branch R. A. 
S. 1889, 184; Tristr., Oat. Coll. B. 1889, 64; (25) Steere, List Coll. B. Philip. Is. 
1890, 7; (26) Hartert, J. f. 0. 1891, 299; (27) Salvad., Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 
1891, 42; (28) Biittik., Zool. Ergebn. Webers Rcise in Ost-Ind. 1893, HI, 271; 
