78 
Birds of Celebes: Falconidae. 
the distinctness of B. rufa was made out, that is to say before 1866, when B. 
reinwardti, owing to the original error of Temminck and Schlegel, was 
believed to be a Celebesian species. The conclusion to be drawn is, that the 
specimens were determined and the locality indicated on what were at the time 
sufficiently good hypothetical grounds, but which must now be regarded as al- 
most certainly erroneous. 
GENUS TINNUNCULUS Vieill. 
“The Kestrels differ from the true Falcons by having a shorter bill and a 
much smaller and weaker foot, the middle toe without the claw being only Va 
to V 4 the length of the tarsus. The tail is longer and the feathers graduated, 
the outer rectrices 1 to IV 2 inches shorter than the middle pair, and the wing 
is shorter. The sexes differ, and the females and young have the ujjper parts 
banded black and rufous” (Blanford). They prey upon mice, insects, birds, 
frogs, etc., seeking their booty on the ground, hovering over it, and pitching 
down upon it from above. Lay 4 — 6 eggs. About 15 species, some migratory, 
others stationary, scattered over nearly the whole world. 
26. TINNUNCULUS MOLUOOENSIS Jaequin. Puch. 
Moluccan Kestrel. 
n. Falco tinnunculus (1) S. Miill. (nec. L.), Verb. Kat. Gfeschied. Natuurk. Comm. 1839—44, 
87 (Celebes), 209 (E. Indies); (2) id., Eeiz. in Ind. Arcliip. 1857, 11, 8 (Celebes). 
b. Cresserelle des Moluques (1) Honibr. & Jacq., Yoy. Pole Sud, Atl. 1843, pi. I, f. 2 
(Amboina); (2) T. & 8., Eaun. Jap. Aves 1845, 3 (E. Ind.). 
Tinnunculus molnccensis ‘•Sclil.”, Bp., Consp. 1850, I, 27 (nomen nudum); Jacqninot et 
Pucberan, Voyage auPOle Sud, Zoologie, 1853, vol. IH, p. 47; (1) Wall, Ibis 1868, 5; 
(2) Meyer, ib. 1879, 55; (3) Salvad., Orn. Pap. 1880, I, 37, et Agg. 1889,1, 14; 
(4) Gurney, Ibis 1881, 469; (5) Meyer, Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien 1881, 760; (G) W. Bias., 
P. Z. S. 1882, 700; (7) Sclat., ib. 1883, 51, 194, 200; (8) Moyer, Isis 1884, 9; 
(9) Gurney, Dium. B. of Prey 1884, 97; (10) Pleske, Bull Acad. Petersb. 1884, 
112; (11) W. Bias., Ztscbr. ges. Orn. 1885, 220; (12) Guillem., P. Z. S. 1885, 
562; Vorderman, K. T. Ned. Ind. 1886, 7 (sep. copy); Tristr., Cat. Coll. B. 1889, 
67; (13) Salvad., Agg. Orn. Pap. 1889, I, 14; (14) M. & Wg., Abb. Miis. Dresd. 1895, 
Nr. 8, p. 4. 
c. Falco moluccensis Scbl., Naiimannia 1855, 253; (1) id., Mus. P.-B. Ealcones 1862, 28; 
(II) id., Valkv. 1866, 6, 47, pi. 1, f. 3, 4, 5; (3) id., Eev. Acc. 1873, 42; (4) 
Eosenb., Malay. Arcb. 1878, 271; (5) Vorderman, N. T. Ned. Ind. 1884, 189. 
d. Cerchneis moluccensis (1) Sbarpe, P. Z. S. 1874, 583; (2) id.. Cat. B. 1874, I, 430; 
id., bCttb. ZooL Mus. Dresden 1878, III, 357; H. 0. Forbes, P. Z. S. 1884, 431; 
(3) Vorderm., N. T. Ned. Ind. 1895, LIV, 331. 
For further synonymy and references cf. Salvadori 3, 13. 
Figures and descriptions. Hombron & Jacquinot h I\ Scblegel c ZZ, c 1, c 5; Sharped 7, 
d 2\ Salvadori 5; Gurney 4; W. Blasius 6', 11. 
