Birds of Celebes; Pandionidae. 
89 
FAMILY PANDIONIDAE. 
The family contains only one species, the Osprey, peculiar by its having 
the outer toe reversible, and no aftershaft to the feathers. The tarsus is naked 
(except at the top anteriorly) and covered with very rugose small scales. The 
claws very long, and curved almost to a semicircle; the toes furnished below 
with pads covered with small, strong, sharp points or spines, adapted for holding 
the fish upon which it preys. Size large medium; Aving very long, extending 
beyond the tip of the tail. Migratory and stationary. Eggs 2 — 3. Almost cosmo- 
politan in range, but varies locally to some extent. 
GENUS PANDION Sav. 
Description as for the family. 
29. PANDION HALIAETUS (L.). 
Osprey. 
The genus Pandion contains only one s])ecies, P. haliaetus, which is almost 
cosmopolitan in its range. In the Old World, in America, and in Australia some 
differences of size and coloration have arisen, which makes it advisable to adopt 
the three subspecies already distinguished. 
1. The typical Pandion haliaetus. 
a. Falco haliaetus Linn. 1766; (I) Naum., Vog. Deutsclil. 1822, I, 241, jd. 16. 
h. Pandion haliaetus Less., Man. d’Orn. 1828, I, 86; (I) Gld., B. Eur. 1837, pi. 12; (2) 
Sell!., Mus. P.-B. Aquilae 1862, 22 pt.; (Ill) id., Valkv. 1866, 12, 52, pt.,- pi. 3, 
f. 3; (4) NcAV'ton, Yarrell’s Brit. B. 1871, I, 34; (5) Sold., Eev. Acc. 1873, 123 pt.; 
(0) Sharpe, Cat. B. 1874, I, 449; (7) Salvad., Cat. TFcc. Borneo 1874, 7; (VIII) 
Dresser, B. Eiu’ope VI, pis. p. 139 (1876); (9) Legge, B. Ceylon 1880, 122; (10) 
Gurney, Ibis 1882, 594—598; (11) Seebohm, Brit. B. 1883, I, 56, pi. 3 (egg); (12) 
Oates, B. Brit, Burmali 1883, II, 220; (13) W. Bias., J. f. O. 1883, 118; (14, 
Gurney, Diurn. B. of Prey 1884, 112; (15) W. Bias., Ornis 1888, 539; (W) Sharpe, 
Ibis 1889, 75; (17) Everett, J. Str. Branch E. A. 8. 1889, 187; (18) Whitehead, 
Ibis 1890, 43; (19) Sharpe, t. c.274; (20) Sty an. Ibis 1891, 486; (21) De La Touche, 
Ibis 1892, 483; (22) Meyer & Helm, Jhrsb. Orn. Sachsen 1892, 79; (23) Taez., 
Faun. Orn. Sib. Orient. 1, 1891, 52; (24) M. & Wg., Abh. Mus. Dresd. 1896 Nr. 2, p. 8. 
Por synonymy and further references see Sharpe b 6. 
2.* Pandion haliaetus leucoeephalus (Gld.). 
c. Pandion leucoeephalus (1) Gld., P. Z. S. 1837, 138; (II) id., Syn. B. Austr. 1838, pt. IH, 
pL 6; (III) id., B. Austr. 1848, I, pi. 6; (4) Sharpe, Oat. B. 1874, I, 451 (sbsp.); 
(5) Meyer, Ibis 1879, 56; (6) Salvad., Orn. Pap. 1880, I, 11 and Agg. 1889, 11; 
Meyer & Wiglesworth, Birds of Celebes (Oct. lltii, 1897). ]2 
