Birds of Celebes: Strigidae. 
Ill 
Distribution. Celebes, Sangi. — Great Sangi (Meyer h 11, Platen b 14). Celebes, IST. Penin- 
sula: IVIinahassa (v. "Diiivenbode hi, h 10, Meyer hO, etc.); Gorontalo Distr. 
(v. Eosenberg hi)', S. Peninsula: Macassar (8. Muller al, a 2, Wallace h 2, 
Weber bl5, Everett b 16)\ Tjaniba Distr. (Platen bl8), Maros (P. & P. 8.); 
Inclrulainan lEverett h 16). 
8clilegel lias identified a young female from tlie Philippines with S. rosenbergi, 
but the only Earn Oud known from there at present is Sir lx Candida Tickell, 
which is perfectly distinct, and 8chlegel’s indication therefore requires further in- 
vestigation. 
Prof. Blasius (h 13) calls attention to the great difference between this 
form and the typical Striw flammea. “It does not apjiear to me to be correct 
to account this form, as Sharpe has done (cl), simply a variety of Strix 
flammea. The stouter bill, tarsus and toes, the bristly feathering of the 
lower half of the tarsus, the rusty brownish upper surface of the tail crossed 
with four bands with vermiculatc markings between them, the darker quills 
without any clear cross-banding, the darker coloration of the plumage in general 
and the peculiar character of the spots with which it is marked, which are 
verj- accurately described by Briiggemann (h 6), — all this gives the bird a 
thoroughly different character”. 
'Wallace (s. Mai. Arch.) also has called especial attention to the much 
greater size and strength of this species as compared with Strix javanica. We 
would point out, however, that one of the specimens from Batavia in the 
Dresden Museum is as large as our biggest Celebesian ones (see p. 110). 
The earliest notice of this Barn Owl appears to be one of Sal. Miiller, 
who speaks of a species of Barn Owl as resorting to old temples (!), caves, etc. 
near Macassar (a 1, a 2). Mr. Wallace obtained it at this place in 1856 in 
bamboo thickets. In the stomach of one of their specimens the Drs. Sarasin 
found a Eat. These animals abound in Celebes. 
2. The typical Strix flammea. 
e. Strix flammea (1) Hartert, ISTov. Zool. 1896, 177. 
Diagnosis. 8ize much smaller; bill, tarsus, toes and claws much weaker; renuges light cin- 
namon-rufous, with about 4 well-defined vermiculate bars of gi‘ey and dusky; dusky 
without grey on the inner webs; upper parts much j^aler, the white sjjots smaller 
and more elongated. 
Wing c. 270 mm; tail 115; tai'sus 57; middle toe without cl. 30; bill fi’. c. 18. 
Distribution. Not clearly defined. In the Celebesian Prorince: Kalao Island between Elores 
and Celebes (Everett e 1). 
Quite recently Mr. Hartert has recorded “typical Strix flammea" from the 
area included in this work. It may possibly be a migrant there from the Indian 
countries, but it is more likely to prove a resident. It is, as shown above, very 
different from Strix rosenbergi. S. Candida is about the same size, but has a very 
long slender tarsus, bare for its lower third, and much longer, stouter toes. 
For fuller particulars about S. flammea, see Sharpe (cl) and the principal 
works on European and Indian ornithology. 
