236 
Birds of Celebes; Bucerotidae. 
Om. Pap. 1880, I, 401; '(10) W. Bias., Ztschr. ges. Orii. 1885, 249; Hickson, 
Xat. in N. Celebes 1889, 20; (XH) Meyer, Vogelskel. 1892, pt. XVH, 43, pi. CLXIX. 
d. Hydrocissa exar'atns (1) Bp., Csp. 1850, 1, 90; (2) Dubois, Bull. TMns. Belg. 1884, III, 210. 
e. Anorrhinus exaratus (1) Bp., Consp. Vol. Anisod. 1854, 2; (2) W. Bias., J. f. 0. 1883, 136. 
f. Hydrocissa exarata (I) Elliot, Monogi'. Bucei'ot. 1878, pp. XIX, XXHI, XXV Hi, fig. 
bead [ejiarhatus — err.), pi. 46, text; (2) Tri.str., Oat. Coll. B. IS89, 95; (3) Heine & 
Rcbn-n-., Noniencl. Mus. Hein. 1890, 169; (4) Hartert, Hat. Mas. Senckenb. 1891, 139. 
g. Penelopides exaratus (1) Grant, Oat. B. XVH, 1892, 376; (2) Hart., Xov. Zool. 1897, 164. 
Rhabdotorrhinus exaratus (1) M. & Wg., Abb. Mus. Dresden 1895, Xr. 8, p. 6; (2) iid., ib. 
1896, Xr. 1, p. 8; (3) iid., ib. 1896, Xr. 2, p. 11. 
“Karaka” (bleyer c .9), “Karkar” (Xat. Coll.), native Malay name, Minaliassa. 
‘•Karokok’’, Alfurous, X. Minabassa (M. e .9). 
“Kerek-kerek'^ Tondano, Minabassa (M. c .9). 
“Hele-hele” (Bosenb. c 8). 
“Tolo-tolo", Tjainb.a, S. Celebes (Platen c 10). 
“Tahutahu”, Tonkoan, E. Celebes (Xat. Coll.). 
Figures and descriptions. Temniinck a I; Walden c V; Elliot f I; Meyer c XJ7f skeleton); 
Briiggemann c 6-, W. Blasius e iO; Grant g 1. 
Old male. Sides of bead including forebead, superciliary region, ear-coverts, 
cheeks, chin and throat iiale leraon-yeUow (soon fades into white); all other parts 
black, on back and wings strongly glossed with green; a low casque on bill, reach- 
ing to within 20 nun of the tip, rather sharply ridged along the culmen and furnished 
on the sides with 3 additional ridges and furrows (Manado, 0 8119). “Iris red- 
brown; orbit citron-yellow” (Platen c 10). 
•vli'is crimson, eyelashes black, orbit bright crimson; feet black, soles ochreous; 
bill pale horn-colour, cascpie dull ferruginous" (Doherty g 2). 
Younger male. Like the adult, but the bill much smaller and the casque with its ridges and 
furrows imperfectly formed, in the old male and female the ui)per and lower man- 
dibles do not close, except at the basal part and at the tip; in the young bird the 
edges seem to meet properly all along the bill (Paguatt, Sept., C 8117). 
Adult female. Like the male, but the sides of the bead, chin and throat, like the rest of 
the plumage, black; size generally a little smaller (Manado, Xr. 7708). “Iris red- 
brown; orbit blade” (Platen c 10). 
Measurements. Males — iving 218 — 252 mm; tail 180 — 222; rictus 88 — 102; length in the 
flesh 480 — 570; expanse 670 — 800; from tip of wing to tip of tail 150 — 170. 
Females — wing 205—233 nun; tail 176—203; rictus 83—98; length in the flesh 
450—500; exjmnse 650—760; from tip of wing to tip of tail 140—155 fBlasius. and 
Platen c 10). 
Skeleton (juv.p 
Tjength of cran. fr. sut. nasofr. 
40.0 mm 
Length of tarso -metatarsus 
45.0 
min 
Greatest breadth of cranium . 
38.7 
Length of digitus III . . . 
44.0 
Tjength of humerus .... 
64.0 
» 
Length of sternum .... 
55.0 
» 
Length of ulna 
88.0 
•» 
Greatest breadth of sternum . 
34.4 
» 
Tjcngth of radius 
81.0 
Height of crista sterni . . . 
10.5 
Length of manus . . . . . 
59.0 
•» 
Length of coracoideum . 
40.0 
» 
Jjength of metacarpus 
34.5 
• » . 
Length of scajiula 
48.0 
Tjength of digitus principalis . 
21.0 
» 
Tjength of clavicula .... 
30.5 
» 
Length of femur 
54.5 
Length of pelvis 
55.0 
Length of tibia 
79.5 
» 
Greatest breadth of pelvis (pub.) 
35.0 
Length of fibula 
28.5 
» 
