240 
Birds of Celebes: Bucerotidae. 
“Ngak”, Tonkean, E. Celebes (Nat. Coll.). 
“Ahlo”, Gorontalo (Rosenb. a 14). 
“Pankao”, Tulabello, Gorontalo Distr. (Rosenb. a 14). 
“Alo”, Tjamba, S. Celebes (Platen 7). 
Observation. It is curious, considering the great diversity of language in Celebes, that the 
native name for this bird is the same in Tondano, Gorontalo and Tjamba, that is 
Rom the north to the south. 
Figures and descriptions. Temminck a I; Griffith a 4] Schlegel & Muller a VI] Elliot 
IV] Marshall (skull in section %.); Walden 2; Lenz .9; W. Blasius 7' 
Grant 14] Meyer XVII (skeL). ’ 
Adult male. Head, where not covered by the casque, and nape dark chestnut; ear-coverts 
and entire neck light golden ochraceous; tail white; rest of plumage black, with 
a green gloss on the upper siulaco (Gorontalo, C 12173). Iiis light brown to red; 
feet black, soles of the feet grey; claws black; bill yellow, base brownish, with dark 
brown bands; chin brownish red; round the eyes deep blue; throat hght blue, with 
a dark blue patch in the middle. The casque is smooth in life; and the wavy un- 
eveness in dried specimens is only in consequence of its shrivelling up after death 
(Meyer 5). 
Dr. Guillemard (8) writes: “Iris bright orange; feet black. Length of adult 
male about 104 cm; weight 5 lb. 3 ozs. Bill orange -yellow; the basal plaques dull 
red anteriorly; casque dull red; base of throat cobalt-blue, marked with two patches 
of black and one of dark blue”. 
The colours of the soft parts in a fine adult male in the Sarasin Collection 
are indicated as follows: “iris yellow-red; skin of cheeks white and Prussian blue; 
tbroat-sack white-blue, across it in the middle a broad Prussian blue band, behind 
this on either side a black streak; feet black; bill vellow horn -red” (rf, Kema 
19. Aug. 93 : P. & E. S.). 
Adult female. Like the adult male but smaller, and with the plumage of the head and neck 
black like the body. Casque yellow. 
It is likely that the ribbed j)lates at the base of the bill are renewed yearly, 
and that the number of ribs increases with age. A belief that one rib is added to 
the bill-plates each year has given rise to the name by which tlie bird is known in 
the Minahassa, “Burong-taun ” or Year-bird (Meyer .5, Blasius 7). 
Young male. lake the adult female, but witli the black plumage of the neck varied with 
taAvny and some of the bases of the black feathers are of this colour; nape varied 
with chestnut feathers; casque as in female, but lower; bill shorter, base furnished 
with a thin covering without ribs (Manado, Nr. 8106). 
Another specimen is like the last, but has the bill rather larger, and only here 
and there a tawny feather in the black neck. This may be a female, as some sprout- 
ing feathers in the neck are black, none tawny (Lotta, C 12091). 
Measurements. Males (3 specunens) — length in the flesh 850—920 mm; expanse 1300— 
1400 (Platen 7); (9 specimens) wing 400—470 mm; tail 270—328; rictus 175—230 
(Bias. 7, Dresden Mus. and Sarasin Coll.). 
Females (9 specimens) — length 700—830 mm; expanse 1000—1270 (Platen 7); 
wing 354—394; tail 234—283; rictus 165—185 (Bias. 7). 
Eggs. Unknown. 
