Birds of Celebes: Bucerotidae. 
241 
Skeleton. 
Length of cranium .... 
252.0 
min 
Length of tarso- metatarsus . 
63.0 mm 
Greatest breadth of cranium . 
60.3 
» 
Length of digitus I . . . . 
52.0 * 
Length of humerus .... 
123.0 
Length of digitus 11 . . . 
63.0 » 
Lcngtli of ulna 
188.0 
» 
Length of digitus III . . . 
76.0 > 
Length of radius 
166.0 
» 
Length of digitus lA^ . . . 
73.0 » 
Length of manus 
112.0 
> 
Length of sternum .... 
105.0 » 
Length of metacarpiis . . . 
67.0 
Greatest breadth of stenium . 
63.5 » 
Length of digitus I . . . . 
21.6 
Height of crista sterni . . . 
25.0 » 
Length of digitus II . . . 
44.0 
» 
Length of coracoidcum. . . 
65.0 » 
Length of digitus III . . . 
20.0 
■» 
Length of scapula .... 
88.0 » 
Length of femur 
93.0 
» 
Length of clavicula .... 
65.0 
Length of tibia 
127.0 
> 
Length of pelvis 
111.0 » 
Tjength of fibula 
100.0 
» 
Greatest breadth of pelvis 
64.0 » 
Nest. Rosenberg states that the female is walled-in with mud into the nesting-cavity 
by the male, but he does not seem to write from personal observation. Meyer (5) 
says that the nest is built on the tops of the highest trees. 
A female before us has the quills worn in a remarkable way, as if she had 
performed incubution under the conditions observed in Africa, India, Java etc. 
Distribution. Celebes — hlinahassa (Reinwardt a I, a 8, a 10, Forsten a 10, etc.); Goron- 
talo (Rosenberg a 14, Meyer 5j; Lembeh Id. (Nat. Coll); Togian Islands (Meyer 5); 
Tonkean, E. Celebes (Nat. Coll.); Macassar (AV^all. a 9, a 12, 14); Tjamba, S. Celebes 
(Platen 7), Maros and Luwu (Weber a 15). 
Cranorrhmus cassidix of Celebes is the type of the genus originally made 
for it and C. corrugatus of Malacca, Sumatra and Borneo by Cab anis & Heine 
in 1862. Though C. corrugatus is retained in the genus by Elliot and by 
Grant, it is a very different species, both as regards coloration and form of 
casque. The nearest ally of C. cassidix is C. leucocephalus of Mindanao and the 
small island of Camiguin off the north coast of Mindanao, a species differing 
chiefly from C. cassidix in having a narrow band of black at the end of the 
white tail, the casque laterally corrugated, not smooth, and the ribbed plate on 
the side of the bill present only on the mandible. It is interesting to note 
that the tail of C. cassidix is sometimes tipped on a few feathers (young cf 
Iff'^June, Tjamba, C 12174), or spotted near the tip, with black; in one adult 
male in the Dresden Museum one of the two middle rectrices has a long streak 
of black on its terminal third. Prof. W. Blasius, with his usual exactitude 
of observation, remarks that such spots were not iiresent in the nine adult 
females from South Celebes examined by him; nor are they to be seen in the 
females in the Dresden Museum. A female of Rhgtidoceros plicatus from Ceram 
has an outer rectrix on the inner web margined with black of irregular width 
throughout its length (C 12175). 
In his great work on the Hornbills Mr. Elliot appears to have attached, if 
anything, a too great value to the shape of the epithema and not enough to the 
coloration of the plumage, for the casque appears to be the most variable 
character in the family and has been modified into all sorts of shapes, whereas 
the general types of plumage are probably much more stable. The genus 
Meyer & Wigleswortli, Birds of Celebes (Oct.26tb, 1897). 
