324 
Birds of Celebes: Caprimulgidae. 
has not been recorded from any part of Celebes but the Northern Peninsula. 
It is closely related to the Philippine species of Lyncornis, especially L.minda- 
nensis, its nearest neighbour, which, however, as Mr. Hartert shows, differs in 
having the abdomen much more evenly barred. Should L.macropterus prove to 
be confined to North Celebes, it might be reasonably inferred that the species 
is a recent immigrant from Mindanao. 
The genus Lyncornis is known to range from Burmah to Java, Celebes and 
the Philippines, occurring again in Salawatti and New Guinea. 
Although the Goatsuckers of Celebes appear to have nothing important to 
say on the past conditions of this island, the geographical distribution of the 
Goatsuckers of the world in general affords several points of interest. In 1866 
(P. Z. S. 127) Sclater divided the Caprimulgidae into 3 subfamilies: 
1. Podarginae, most typical of Australia, in w'hich the genus Nyctihms of 
South America to Jamaica and Mexico was included; 
2. Steatornithinae, the frugivorous Cave-goatsvrcker of S. America from Guiana 
to Peru; 
3. Caprimulginae^ the typical Goatsuckers, of which S. America is by far 
the richest in genera, after which comes Africa. 
Later, Garrod’s anatomical researches led him to the conclusion that 
Steatornis should be separated as a family for itself (P. Z. S. 1873, 534; Coll. 
Papers, 186). In 1885 (P. Z. S. 153), Beddard divided the Caprimulgidae into 
four subfamilies: 1. Steatornis; 2. Podargus and Batrachostomus ; 3. Aegotheles; 
4. Caprimulgus, Chordeiles, and Nyctidromus. This anatomist differs in so far from 
Gar rod as to conclude that Podargus, Batrachostomus ojid Aegotheles are much 
nearer to Steatornis than to Caprimulgus, but should be placed in an intermediate 
position”. Recently Hartert has separated these groups of forms into three 
different families with subfamilies as follows : 
1 . Cap r i m ulgidae. 
a. Caprimtdginae, cliiefly SoutJi American, 11 peculiar genera being found in 
America and Jamaica, 3 in Africa, 1 in the Oriental Region and New Gruinea, 
1 in the Australian Region, while i ( Caprinmlgus) is common to all, though 
sparsely represented in the direction of Australia. 
b. Nyclihimae, tropical parts of S. America to Jamaica and Mexico. (Sclater has 
jjaced this .subfamily in Hartert’s Podargidm.) 
2. Podargidae. 
a. Podarginae, two genera, the one confined to Australia and Papuasia, the other 
to the Oriental Region from the Himalayas to Java and the Philip23ines. 
b. Aegothelinae, confined to Australia and Papuasia, with one species in New 
Caledonia. 
3. Steatornithidae. 
South America from Gruiana to Peru. 
Although we should prefer to recognise one family of five subfamilies, 
rather than three families with two subdivisions as Mr. Hartert does, — for 
the Nyctibiinae connect the Caprimulgidae with Podargidae, from w’hich again the 
