Birds of Celebes: Muscicapidae. 
391 
Pratineola caprata (1) 'Wald., Tr. Z. S. 1872, Vni, 63; (2) Salvad., Ucc. Eomeo 1874, 
252; (3) Wald., Tr. Z. S. 1875, IX, 193; f4J Cab. & Echw., J. f. 0. 1876, 319- 
f5) Salvad., P. Z. S. 1877, 194; (6) Tweedd., P. Z. S. 1877, 696, 761; 1878,710; 
(7) Sliarpe, Oat. B. IV, 1879, 195; (8) Legge, B. Ceylon 1880, 431 ; (0) Salvad.’ 
Oni. Pap. n, 1881, 420; (10) Scully, Ibis 1881, 440; (lOXi^) W. Rams., Tweedd. 
Om. Works 1881, App. 657; (II) Vorderm., N. Tdscbi-. Ned. Lid. 1882, XLII, 65; 
(12) Davison, Str. P. X, 1882, 307; 1889, 389; (13) W. Bias., Verb. z.-b. Ges. 
Wien 1883, 75; (13»‘^) Oates, B. Br. Bumiali 1883, I, 281; (14) Marshall, Ibis 
1884, 415; (15) 0. Swiuh. & Barnes, Ibis 1885, 124; (16) W. Bias., Ztscln-. ges. 
Orn. 1885, 277; (17) Guillem., P. Z. S. 1885, 506; (18) Dresser, Ibis 1889, 86; 
(20) St.John, t. c. 163; (21) Eadde & Walter, Oruis 1889, 61, 168, 172, 221, 
256, 259, 266; (22) Tristr., Oat. Coll. B. 1889, 143; (23j Dresser, Ibis 1890, 342; 
(24) Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind. B. D, 1890, 59; (25) id., cd. Hume’s Nests & Eggs 
Ind. B. n, 1890, 41; (26) Steere, List Coll. B. & M. Philipp. Is. 1890, 16; (27) 
Blittik., Notes Leyden Mus. 1891, XUI, 211; (28) Hartert, Kat. Mus. Senckenb. 
Vog. 1891, 3; (29) id., J. f. 0. 1891, 201; (30) Blittik., Notes Leyd. Mus. 1892, 
197; (31) id., Zool. Erg. Weber’s Reise 0.st-lnd. 1893, III, 277, 293; (32) Grant, 
Ibis 1894, 505; (33) Bourns & Worces., B. Menage Exp. 1894, 39; (XXX.1V) 
Dresser, B. Eur. Suppl. I, 1895, 33, pi. 6-11; (35) Grant, Bds 1895, 441; (36) 
M. &Wg., Abb. Mus. Dresd. 1896, Nr. 1, p. 12; (37) Hart.,' Nov. Zool. 1896, 150, 
166, 555, 580, 593; (38) id., ib. 1897, 155, 161. 
“Tjingan”, Tjamba Distr., Platen 16. 
For further synonymy and references see Sharpe 7. 
Figure and descriptions. Dresser XXXIV\ Sharper, Vorderm anil; Oates 75''«, 24. 
Adult male. Black; wing-coverts nearest the body for about two-thirds across 
the wing, rump, upper and under tail-coverts and anal region white. 
“Iris brown; bill and feet black” (cf, Tjamba Distr., 8. Celebes, 30. IV. 78: Platen 
— C 5376). Wing 67 mm; tail 55; tarsus 22; bill from nostril 8. 
Female. Hair-brown, paler below, almost wood-brown on abdomen, lores, chin, and malar 
region; the middles of the feathers darker; lower rump, upper tail-coverts and 
under tail-coverts white, tinged with buffi; tail black; wing-coverts blackish, with 
pale brown edges, some of the concealed inner greater and middle coverts mostly white; 
remiges brown, edged with wood-brown; under wing-coverts wlntish brown; bill 
blackish; legs and feet black (Q, Lake Posso, Centr. Cel., 15. H. 95: Sarasin Coll.).. 
Young. Mottled all over like a young Robin: above fulvescent edged with darker brown; 
head blackish brown, streaked down the centre of the feathers with deep fulvous; 
wing-coverts and quills edged with fawn-colour; under-parts fulvous, slightly 
varied with dark edges to the feathers of the breast (Sharpe 7). 
Eggs. “Dr. Platen obtained eggs of this bird near Rurulcan in the Mnahassa, wliich are 
somewhat paler than those of our riibicola. An egg in my collection collected by 
Oates in Pegu, 20. IV. 81, corresponds with them, is only a trifle smaller, but simi- 
larly coloured” (Nelirkorn MS.). 
Usually fom- in nmnber, often three, occasionally five. Rather broad ovals, some- 
what pointed; delicate pale bliush green, speckled, mottled and streaked with brownish 
red, densest at the large end. They vary enormously in size, viz: 15.2 — 19.5x 11.2 
— 16.3 mm; average (50 specimens) 17 X 14 mm (India, Hume 25). 
Nest. Usually a shallow, somewhat saucer-shaped pad, composed of soft grass, fine roots 
and lined with the same, liairs or other soft material ; generally placed on the ground 
in a hole or impression (25). 
